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MTTC Integrated Science - Life Sciences Part 1 Questions And Answers
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MTTC Integrated Science - Life Sciences Part 1 Questions And Answers Light Independent Reactions Use ATP and NADPH (from the light-dependent reactions) plus CO2 to produce carbohydrate sugars photorespiration a wasteful process that uses energy and decreases sugar synthesis that occurs in p...

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  • October 19, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • mttc integrated science life sciences part 1

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MTTC Integrated Science - Life Sciences
Part 1 Questions And Answers

Light Independent Reactions Use ATP and NADPH (from the light-dependent reactions)

plus CO2 to produce carbohydrate sugars




photorespiration a wasteful process that uses energy and decreases sugar synthesis that

occurs in plants during photosynthesis. It occurs when the enzyme rubisco binds to oxygen

instead of atmospheric CO2.




How do C4 plants minimize photorespiration? The light reactions and the Calvin cycle

occur in different cells, so oxygen does not come into contact with rubisco.




How do CAM plants minimize photorespiration? Stomata are only opened at night,

storing carbon dioxide in malate. During the day the carbon dioxide is released for

photosynthesis.




how do C3 plants minimize photorespiration? They don't. They have no special

adaptations to do so. This is more than 85% of plants!

, MTTC Integrated Science - Life Sciences
Part 1 Questions And Answers
aerobic respiration Respiration that requires oxygen. a series of enzyme-controlled

reactions in which oxygen + glucose -> CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP).




aerobic respiration occurs in a series of 3 reactions. what are they? 1) glycolysis


2) the Krebs cycle

3) the electron-transport system




Glycolysis the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy (2 ATP molecules),

pyruvic acid (2 molecules), and NADH (2 molecules).




Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) - definition a metabolic pathway in which the bonds of

glucose (and occasionally fats/lipids) are broken down and reformed into ATP.




Krebs cycle - the actual cycle Acetyl CoA -> citric acid -> isocitric acid -> ketoglutaric

acid (with amino acid and CO2 products) -> succinyl CoA -> succinic acid -> fumaric acid ->

malic acid -> oxaloacetic acid

, MTTC Integrated Science - Life Sciences
Part 1 Questions And Answers
electron transport chain electrons are transported from enzyme to enzyme until they reach

a final acceptor, including a series of RedOx molecules involved in the release of energy




Fermentation An anaerobic (without oxygen) cellular process in which glucose is only

partially broken down and energy is released through the oxidation of sugars or other organic

molecules.




How is fermentation different from cellular respiration? it uses neither Krebs cycle nor

electron transport chains, and the final acceptor in fermentation is an organic molecule.




which is more efficient: fermentation (an anaerobic respiration) or aerobic respiration?

aerobic respiration




homolactic fermentation produces lactic acid only




heterolactic fermentation produces lactic acid and other compounds

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