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PHAR100 - Module 1 Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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PHAR100 - Module 1 Questions And 100% Correct AnswersPharmacology
the study of drugs, including their uses, effects, and mechanisms of action
What are the two drugs discovered in ancient times?
1. Curare
2. Ergot
What is curare?
a drug derived from plants
and
how would curare be used and how does it work as a poison?
indigenous people would dip their arrows in curare to use as poison for hunting. it would
affect voluntary muscles and cause respiratory paralysis = death
how does it work as a drug?
would be used an an anesthetic during surgery
with a small dose, a patients muscles would relax
What is Ergot and what happened to people in russia?
,a poisonous fungus that grows on the head of rye
this was accidentally mixed in with rye bread and killed 20,000 people in Russia
What systems does Ergot effect and how are the systems effected?
Nervous system: hallucinations and convulsions
Cardiovascular system: constricts blood vessels which starves the limbs of blood and
can cause them to die
Reproductive system: causes violent uterine contractions
What are the two versions of Ergot that can be used as a drug and how do they work?
1. Ergotamine- treats migraines
2. Ergonovine- used to stop uterine bleeding after birth
What are the two categories of drugs that were discovered throughout history?
Drugs that act on the brain and alter brain chemistry, e.g. LSD.
Drugs that act against infection
5 Steps in Drug Development Process
1. Basic research and drug discovery
2. Preclinical trials
3. Clinical trials
4. Health Canada review and manufacturing
, 5. Post-market surveillance and phase IV clinical trials
Step 1: Drug Discovery
2 components
1. Identification of target
2. Studying target
Identification of target-the identification of a target usually involves the determination of
some specific biologic alteration that appears to be related to the disease process - may
be associated with the cause of, or be the result of, the disease; may be totally unrelated
to the disease but simply correlated with its presence
When a compound binding well to a target is identified, it is investigated for its
pharmacological effects at the: Molecular Cellular Organ And whole animal level Target
study involves determination of the: Chemical structure its mechanism of action The
interactions of the drug and its target Once promising, the compound is called lead
compound, then safety and efficacy are studied. Step 2 Pre-clinical trial: In this step,
animals and cell-based assays are mainly used to assess the action of a potential
therapeutic agent. Pre-clinical trials have 2 major categories :
here is where the drug is tested before testing it in humans
1. Pharmacology Studies
2. Toxicology Studies
What happens in pharmacology studies
this is where you find out the mechanism of action of the new drug
(ex. if a drug treats high blood pressure, you study how it is able to lower blood blood
pressure)
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