100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
campbell 12th edition summary 12-15 CA$8.53   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Universiteit Leiden (UL)
  4.  
  5. Moleculaire genetica

Summary

campbell 12th edition summary 12-15
 7 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Moleculaire genetica
  • Institution
  • Universiteit Leiden (UL)
  • Book
  • Biologie

This document provides a comprehensive summary of key concepts in cellular biology and genetics. It starts with an overview of the phases of mitosis and the cell cycle, including the role of the genome and chromosome structure. Next, the significance of meiosis and genetic variation, as well as the...

[Show more]

Preview 2 out of 7  pages

Document information

  • No
  • 12-15
  • October 21, 2024
  • 7
  • 2024/2025
  • Summary

Subjects

  • cell cycle
  • meiosis
  • genome
  • chromosome structure
  • cell division
  • mendelian genetics
  • crossing over

Connected book

book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:

More summaries for

  • Test bank for campbell biology 12th edition all chapters 1-56 full complete latest 2024
  • La cellule - concepts généraux
All for this textbook (3)

Written for

  • Universiteit Leiden (UL)
  • biology
  • Moleculaire genetica
All documents for this subject (4)

Seller

avatar-seller
BioBites

Reviews received

Content preview

Mitose
1. Genome

● Definition: The genetic material (DNA) of a cell.
● Structure: Partitioned among chromosomes.




2. Cell Cycle Phases

Interphase (Growth and preparation for division):

● G1 phase (First Gap):
○ Cell growth.
○ Preparation for DNA replication.
● S phase (Synthesis):
○ DNA replication → Chromosomes now consist of two sister chromatids.
● G2 phase (Second Gap):
○ Further cell growth.
○ Preparation for mitosis.




3. Mitotic (M) Phase (Cell Division):

● Mitosis: Division of the nucleus.
○ Prophase: Chromosomes condense; mitotic spindle forms.
○ Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
○ Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate.
○ Telophase: Nuclear envelope reforms; chromosomes decondense.
● Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm (Cleavage in animal cells, cell plate formation
in plant cells).




4. Mitotic Spindle

● Definition: Made up of microtubules.
● Function: Controls chromosome movement.
● Arises from: Centrosomes in animal cells.
● Key Components:
○ Asters: Star-shaped microtubules near centrosomes.
○ Kinetochore Microtubules: Attach to chromosomes.
○ Nonkinetochore Microtubules: Push poles apart for cell elongation.

, 5. Cell Cycle Checkpoints

● G1 Checkpoint ("Restriction point"):
○ Determines if the cell will proceed with division or enter G0 (non-dividing
state).
● G2 Checkpoint:
○ Ensures all DNA is replicated and the cell is ready for mitosis.
● M Checkpoint:
○ Ensures all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before
separation.




6. Cell Cycle Control Molecules

● Cyclins: Proteins that regulate the cycle.
● Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (Cdks): Enzymes that, when activated by cyclins, signal
progression through the cell cycle.




7. Cancer and Cell Cycle

● Normal Cells: Density-dependent inhibition, anchorage dependence.
● Cancer Cells: Ignore normal regulation, divide uncontrollably, can metastasize.



Interphase → Mitosis → Cytokinesis.


Meiose
1. Basic Concept: Sexual Reproduction

● Gene Inheritance: Offspring inherit genes located at specific loci on chromosomes.
● Asexual Reproduction: Offspring are genetically identical to the parent (via mitosis).
● Sexual Reproduction: Combines genes from two parents, resulting in genetic
diversity.




2. Human Chromosome Set

● Somatic Cells (Diploid, 2n = 46):
○ 22 pairs of autosomes.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller BioBites. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$8.53. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

77254 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$8.53
  • (0)
  Add to cart