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PSYCH 2B03 – Personality question bank answers all what you need to know 2024 (both midterm and final exam prep)_ McMaster University
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PSYCH 2B03 – Personality question bank answers all what you need to know 2024 (both midterm and final exam prep)_ McMaster University INTRO PERSONALITY I suggested that all definitions of personality have in common the characteristic that they see personality: (1 point) Select your answer: ...

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  • October 22, 2024
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PSYCH 2B03 – Personality question bank
answers all what you need to know 2024
(both midterm and final exam prep)_
McMaster University

,INTRO
PERSONALITY
I suggested that all definitions of personality have in common the characteristic that they see personality: (1 point) Select
your answer:
1. as whatever it is about the individual that allows us to best predict that individual's behavior.
2. as whatever it is about the individual that remains consistent across time and situations
3. as resulting from an interaction between an individual's innate structures or capacities and the shaping
effects of the social environment.
4. all of the above
5. 1 and 3 only

The many definitions of personality share a number of things in common. Which of the following is NOT one of these? (1
point) Select your answer:
1. deal with the issue of what makes individuals different from one another.
2. stress the importance of internal structures or processes in determining personality.
3. treat personality as a hypothetical construct.
4. provide an indication of what about an individual is consistent from time to time and across situations
5. all of the above ARE aspects of all definitions of personality.

I noted that definitions of personality suggested by different perspectives agree that personality is:
1. whatever all human beings share by virtue of their common genetic heritage.
2. whatever distinguishes us from other species.
3. whatever experience in general, and learning in particular, add to human nature.
4. whatever it is that leads us to behave consistently across time and situations.
5. the interaction of common genetic factors with individually unique experience.
6. more than one of the above

10. In lecture, I suggested that, compared with theories in other areas of psychology, theories of personality: (1 point)
Select your answer:
1. are more likely to be inspired by clinical experiences rather than scientifically collected data.
2. are designed more for guiding research, and less for modelling reality.
3. are far more wide-ranging and general.
4. all of the above
5. 1 and 3 only

One important difference between personality theories and theories in other areas of psychology is that personality theories:
(1 point) Select your answer:
1. use hypothetical constructs, whereas theories in other areas of psychology do not.
2. more often develop from practical clinical experience rather than from empirical research or abstract theory.
3. are often tested or evaluated with non-scientific methods, or on the basis of their success in therapeutic settings.
4. all of the above
5. 2 and 3 only

All perspectives on personality make assumptions about many important issues including: (1 point) Select your answer:
1. whether there is a basic human nature, and if so, what it is.
2. the role and relative importance of conscious vs unconscious forces in determining behavior.
3. the source and nature of human motivation.
4. the relative importance of genetics and environment in personality.
5. all of the above

Compared with theories in other areas of psychology, personality theories tend to: (1 point) Select your answer:
1. be inspired by clinical work, rather than going from theory to clinical practice.
2. be primarily postdictive rather than predictive.
3. be more general and all-encompassing than other psychological theories.
4. have relatively weak empirical support.

,5. all of the above

Those who advocate an nomothetic approach to the study of personality believe that: (1 point) Select your answer:
1. the goal of research should be to abstract from the study of many individuals, laws or principles that apply to
everyone.
2. our goal should be to come to a full understanding a few individuals, or only one individual.
3. that statistical analysis of many aspects of personality should be used to produce a quantification of personality.

, 4. we should be aware that individual differences will make it difficult to generalize from a sample to people as a whole.
5. none of the above.

The basic difference between those who advocate the idiographic approach to personality and those who advocate the
nomothetic approach is that those who advocate the approach are more likely to . (1 point) Select your answer:
1. nomothetic. . .emphasize clinical over scientific data in evaluating concepts of personality.
2. idiographic....describe personality in terms of internal structures or characteristics.
3. nomothetic. . .stress the importance of discovering general laws than govern the development of personality in all
people.
4. idiographic.....are more likely to emphasize the importance of environmental over innate factors in personality.
5. more than one of the above

We discussed the idiographic and nomothetic approaches to personality. If we were to adopt a nomothetic approach to
understanding (for example) family interactions we might:
a. compare the interactions in two families, focusing on the differences between the families.
b. spend several weeks recording and analyzing interactions between members of a single family.
c. study interactions in many families, assuming that each will show unique patterns of interaction.
d. compile data on family interactions from many families, searching for patterns that occur in all families. **
e. none of the above.

3. The relationship between the (1) idiographic and (2) nomothetic approaches to personality is analogous to the
relationship between: (1 point) Select your answer:
1. (1) the trait approach to personality and (2) the psychodynamic approach to personality.
2. (1) a researcher searching for aspects of personality that are common to all people and (2) a clinician trying to
understand a single individual.
3. (1) Freud's approach to personality and (2) Jung's approach to personality.
4. (1) a clinician trying to understand a single individual and (2) a researcher searching for aspects of personality that
are common to all people.
5. (1) a theorist trying to describe personality on a large scale and (2) a researcher trying to understand only one aspect
of personality.
6. none of the above

5. There are several very general issues or controversies in the realm of personality theory. Which of the following is NOT
one of the issues I mentioned in lecture? (1 point) Select your answer:
1. The role and relative importance of conscious vs unconscious forces in determining behavior.
2. Whether the mind-body relationship is monistic or dualistic.
3. The source and nature of human motivation.
4. Whether there is a basic human nature, and if so, what it is.
5. all of the above ARE major issues in personality theory.




HYPOTHETICAL CONSTRUCTS
Which of the following statements concerning hypothetical constructs is correct?
1. The id is a hypothetical construct because it may not have any real physical existence anywhere in the brain.
2. The superego (or conscience) is not a hypothetical construct because its activity can be observed and measured.
3. The hypothalamus is not a hypothetical construct because it is a physically distinct part of the brain.
4. all of the above are correct
5. only 1 and 3 are correct

Personality theories use hypothetical constructs more than perhaps any other type of theory in psychology. In interpreting
personality theories we must remember that hypothetical constructs:
1. refer to states, entities or processes that may have no real physical or physiological existence.
2. must always be defined in terms of some concrete measures or operations.
3. are only useful in helping us to understand or conceptualize phenomena if they can be reified.
4. always refer to entities whose existence can, in principle, be verified through empirical observation
5. all of the above

All personality theories employ hypothetical constructs. Which of the following statements about hypothetical constructs is
NOT true?
1. They are hypothesized states, processes or entities that may or may not have any real physical existence.
2. They are only used in social sciences where precise, quantitative measurement is difficult or impossible.
3. The presence of hypothetical constructs in a theory make it difficult to test or verify
4. They are useful because they help us conceptualize and make sense of a variety of observations or phenomena.
5.All of the above are TRUE of hypothetical constructs.

It is fair to say that hypothetical constructs:
1. are more likely to appear in sociology and psychology than in sciences like geology or astronomy that rely less on

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