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Grade 12 Biochemistry Test Review Graded A+
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Grade 12 Biochemistry Test Review Graded A+ In which organelle does the majority of ATP production occur during cellular respiration? Mitochondria What is the significance of the R-group (side chain) in an amino acid? The R-group determines the unique properties and functions of each a...

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  • October 23, 2024
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Grade 12 Biochemistry Test Review
Graded A+
In which organelle does the majority of ATP production occur during cellular respiration?


✔✔ Mitochondria




What is the significance of the R-group (side chain) in an amino acid?


✔✔ The R-group determines the unique properties and functions of each amino acid.




What happens when a protein denatures?


✔✔ The protein loses its three-dimensional structure and can no longer function properly.




How does a phospholipid's structure make it ideal for forming cell membranes?


✔✔ Its hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail allow it to form a bilayer, creating a barrier

between the cell's interior and exterior.




What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism in metabolism?


✔✔ Anabolism involves building complex molecules from simpler ones, while catabolism

breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones to release energy.

1

,How do buffers help maintain pH in biological systems?


✔✔ Buffers resist changes in pH by neutralizing small amounts of acids or bases.




Why are some amino acids termed "essential" in human nutrition?


✔✔ Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the

diet.




What is the role of hydrogen bonds in the secondary structure of proteins?


✔✔ Hydrogen bonds stabilize the folding of proteins into alpha-helices and beta-sheets.




In terms of enzyme kinetics, what happens at Vmax?


✔✔ At Vmax, the enzyme is working at its maximum rate, and all active sites are fully occupied

by substrates.




How do cofactors and coenzymes assist enzyme function?


✔✔ Cofactors and coenzymes help enzymes catalyze reactions by stabilizing substrate binding

or participating in the reaction.



2

, How does pH affect enzyme activity?


✔✔ Extreme pH levels can denature enzymes or alter their activity, disrupting their ability to

bind with substrates.




What role do disulfide bonds play in protein structure?


✔✔ Disulfide bonds help stabilize the tertiary structure of proteins by linking different parts of

the polypeptide chain.




Why is feedback inhibition important in biochemical pathways?


✔✔ Feedback inhibition prevents the overproduction of products by regulating the activity of

enzymes in metabolic pathways.




In what way do isotopes of the same element differ?


✔✔ Isotopes differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei, which affects their atomic mass but

not their chemical properties.




How do nonpolar molecules typically behave in water?




3

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