HNF 150 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Where does chemical digestion of protein begin - Answer- in the stomach when acid
denatures the protein
The stomach lining is protected from the very strong acid of the stomach by - Answer- a
coat of mucus
How many amino acids are considered essential - Answer- 9
During protein formation if an essential amino acid is missing what can happen to the
remaining amino acids - Answer- they are used to make the protein without the missing
amino acid
complementary proteins - Answer- 2 or more proteins whose amino acid assortments
complement each other in such a way that the essential amino acids missing from one
are supplied by the other.
lacto-ovo vegetarian - Answer- includes: dairy products
excludes: fish and seafood
nitrogen equilibrium - Answer- same amount of total protein in one's body at all times.
body is taking in the same amount of nitrogen that it is excreting
positive nitrogen balance - Answer- more proteins are being built than are being broken
down and lost
ex: growing child, person building muscle, a pregnant woman
negative nitrogen balance - Answer- in a state of losing protein
ex: an astronaut, a surgery patient
high quality protein - Answer- dietary proteins containing all the essential amino acids in
relation to the same amount that human beings require. they may also contain
nonessential amino acids
limiting amino acid - Answer- an essential amino acid that is present in dietary protein in
an insufficient amount, thereby limiting the body's ability to build protein.
,edema - Answer- swelling of body tissue caused by leakage of fluid from the blood
vessels; seen in protein deficiency
protein quality - Answer- whether or not the body has all the essential amino acids
needed to create its own working proteins.
enzyme - Answer- proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being changed in
the process; protein catalysts.
HCL is - Answer- A strong corrosive acid of hydrogen and chloride atoms, produced by
the stomach to assist in digestion.
electrolyte balance - Answer- The distribution of fluid and dissolved particles among
body compartments.
discuss reasons why consuming too much protein and amino acid supplements is not
recommended - Answer- has no benefit, excess animal protein related to: high
saturated fat intake, low fiber, calcium loss, increase kidney problems, heart disease,
possible cancer
Describe protein digestion and absorption from the mouth to the colon - Answer-
Stomach: acid denatures the protein strands and an enzyme cleaves amino acids
strands into polypeptides and a few amino acids
Small intestine: enzymes from the pancreas and the intestine split peptide strands into
tripeptides, dipeptides and amino acids. The intestinal cells absorb and transfer amino
acids to the bloodstream
Bloodstream: transports amino acids to all the body's cells
Mutual supplementation - Answer- strategy of combining two incomplete protein
sources so that the amino acids in one food make up for those lacking in the other food.
water soluble vitamins - Answer- all B vitamins and vitamin C
ATP-PC - Answer- turbocharge/short-term; anaerobic. duration time of 1-10 sec with a
fuel source of phosphor-creatine
glycogen-lactate - Answer- turbo-long/anaerobic. duration of time of 1-90sec with a fuel
source of glycogen/CHO
key factors that influence performance - Answer- 1. macro and micronutrient
recommendations
2. timing of intake
3. hyrdration
, consequences of not getting enough carbohydrates for athletes - Answer- poor
performance, and lower endurance during activity
guidelines for health and performance are similar with respect to most macro- and
micro-nutrients- - Answer- true
What is the primary energy system and fuel source used in a basketball players on
defense during full court press or a 45-60 sec shift in hockey? - Answer- anaerobic
glycolysis (glycogen-lactate, glycogen)
Functions of proteins - Answer- 1) Supporting growth and maintenance
2) Building enzymes, hormones, and other compounds
3) Transport and recognition proteins
4) Building antibodies
5) Maintaining acid base balance
6) Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
7) Energy (and energy storage)
Amino acids have - Answer- Backbone: amine group (contains nitrogen), acid group.
and
Side chain
Amino acid side chains - Answer- Valine- 3 carbon
Leucine- 4 carbon
Tyrosine- 7 carbon
Peptide bond is a - Answer- Chemical bond that link two amino acids together
Dipeptide is - Answer- Made of two peptides
Each amino acid can bond with ____ other amino acids - Answer- Two
Which of the following is a characteristic of LDL? - Answer- It is less dense than HDL
About how many amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids? - Answer- 9
Which of the following is not a use of fat in our body - Answer- Precursors of protein
Which is NOT a complementary protein combination - Answer- Pasta with tomato
sauce.
Food security - Answer- Access, availability, food safety, and socially-acceptable
means.
Food secure households - Answer- 80.5%
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Where does chemical digestion of protein begin - Answer- in the stomach when acid
denatures the protein
The stomach lining is protected from the very strong acid of the stomach by - Answer- a
coat of mucus
How many amino acids are considered essential - Answer- 9
During protein formation if an essential amino acid is missing what can happen to the
remaining amino acids - Answer- they are used to make the protein without the missing
amino acid
complementary proteins - Answer- 2 or more proteins whose amino acid assortments
complement each other in such a way that the essential amino acids missing from one
are supplied by the other.
lacto-ovo vegetarian - Answer- includes: dairy products
excludes: fish and seafood
nitrogen equilibrium - Answer- same amount of total protein in one's body at all times.
body is taking in the same amount of nitrogen that it is excreting
positive nitrogen balance - Answer- more proteins are being built than are being broken
down and lost
ex: growing child, person building muscle, a pregnant woman
negative nitrogen balance - Answer- in a state of losing protein
ex: an astronaut, a surgery patient
high quality protein - Answer- dietary proteins containing all the essential amino acids in
relation to the same amount that human beings require. they may also contain
nonessential amino acids
limiting amino acid - Answer- an essential amino acid that is present in dietary protein in
an insufficient amount, thereby limiting the body's ability to build protein.
,edema - Answer- swelling of body tissue caused by leakage of fluid from the blood
vessels; seen in protein deficiency
protein quality - Answer- whether or not the body has all the essential amino acids
needed to create its own working proteins.
enzyme - Answer- proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being changed in
the process; protein catalysts.
HCL is - Answer- A strong corrosive acid of hydrogen and chloride atoms, produced by
the stomach to assist in digestion.
electrolyte balance - Answer- The distribution of fluid and dissolved particles among
body compartments.
discuss reasons why consuming too much protein and amino acid supplements is not
recommended - Answer- has no benefit, excess animal protein related to: high
saturated fat intake, low fiber, calcium loss, increase kidney problems, heart disease,
possible cancer
Describe protein digestion and absorption from the mouth to the colon - Answer-
Stomach: acid denatures the protein strands and an enzyme cleaves amino acids
strands into polypeptides and a few amino acids
Small intestine: enzymes from the pancreas and the intestine split peptide strands into
tripeptides, dipeptides and amino acids. The intestinal cells absorb and transfer amino
acids to the bloodstream
Bloodstream: transports amino acids to all the body's cells
Mutual supplementation - Answer- strategy of combining two incomplete protein
sources so that the amino acids in one food make up for those lacking in the other food.
water soluble vitamins - Answer- all B vitamins and vitamin C
ATP-PC - Answer- turbocharge/short-term; anaerobic. duration time of 1-10 sec with a
fuel source of phosphor-creatine
glycogen-lactate - Answer- turbo-long/anaerobic. duration of time of 1-90sec with a fuel
source of glycogen/CHO
key factors that influence performance - Answer- 1. macro and micronutrient
recommendations
2. timing of intake
3. hyrdration
, consequences of not getting enough carbohydrates for athletes - Answer- poor
performance, and lower endurance during activity
guidelines for health and performance are similar with respect to most macro- and
micro-nutrients- - Answer- true
What is the primary energy system and fuel source used in a basketball players on
defense during full court press or a 45-60 sec shift in hockey? - Answer- anaerobic
glycolysis (glycogen-lactate, glycogen)
Functions of proteins - Answer- 1) Supporting growth and maintenance
2) Building enzymes, hormones, and other compounds
3) Transport and recognition proteins
4) Building antibodies
5) Maintaining acid base balance
6) Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
7) Energy (and energy storage)
Amino acids have - Answer- Backbone: amine group (contains nitrogen), acid group.
and
Side chain
Amino acid side chains - Answer- Valine- 3 carbon
Leucine- 4 carbon
Tyrosine- 7 carbon
Peptide bond is a - Answer- Chemical bond that link two amino acids together
Dipeptide is - Answer- Made of two peptides
Each amino acid can bond with ____ other amino acids - Answer- Two
Which of the following is a characteristic of LDL? - Answer- It is less dense than HDL
About how many amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids? - Answer- 9
Which of the following is not a use of fat in our body - Answer- Precursors of protein
Which is NOT a complementary protein combination - Answer- Pasta with tomato
sauce.
Food security - Answer- Access, availability, food safety, and socially-acceptable
means.
Food secure households - Answer- 80.5%
