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Lecture 3 Notes for CLA204
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A complete notes from 2024 CLA204H1F Online Asynchronous course from University of Toronto St. George. Notes of every lecture including what's on the slides and important points which professor covers.

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  • October 23, 2024
  • 11
  • 2024/2025
  • Class notes
  • Naomi neufeld
  • All classes

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Book 9

The Embassy

• The Trojans, favoured by Zeus, are pushing back the Greeks and bringing the battle
closer and closer to the Greek camp

• Agamemnon regrets angering Achilles and wants to make amends and ask for his
assistance

• He sends an embassy to try and convince Achilles to return to battle. The
embassy is comprised of:

• Odysseus: the wisest

• Greater Ajax (son of Telamon): the leader warrior

• Phoenix: old advisor and not basileus

• Phoenix is not a basileus, but an old advisor and caretaker of Achilles

• Childhood educator for Achilles

• find Achilles at his tent, playing his lyre while his beloved companion Patroclus
listens

• Patroclus (guide and mentor for Achilles), son of Menoetius: exiled from his
birth kingdom to send to achilles’s place

• Best Friend & romantic partner(?)

• SOCIETY: Homosexuality was quite accepted

• Achilles welcomes the embassy and oNers them hospitality

• Follows Homeric codes of xenia

• Sit on purple dyed -> super expensive dye

Odysseus’s Speech

• After feasting, Odysseus speaks first and appeals to Achilles with logic: fight now
or else you may regret the choices you have made

• Makes reference to Achilles’ father, Peleus

• Knows Achilles is easily moved by references to his father

• Only child and feels concerned w his father

, • Tries to warn him to control his proud spirit: sense of pride/hubris

• Dangers of hubris: Check your anger

• You’ll loose your honor if you have hubris

• Lists all the gifts that Agamemnon will oNer Achilles

• Includes important marriage connections + alliance – shows how alliances
were negotiated between elite families in ancient Greece



Achilles’ refusal

• Achilles is not persuaded by Odysseus’ speech and responds bluntly to him, saying
he hates dissemblers

• Still bitter that despite his hard fighting, he receives only the same share of
honour as others who achieve less in war

1) Importance in having equal share – the only thing Achilles got was Briseis

• Refuses the gifts and marriage oNers of Agamemnon: “every gift sucks!”

• Reveals the prophecy about his fate

1) Stay at troy & die early -> Glory will be everlasting
2) Leave & live long -> no glory
• Makes a very unheroic statement that riches (and the honour they
represent) are not worth his life
• Achilles, despite being obsessed with honour and glory, at times reveals a
sense of hesitation and doubt about facing death
§ Relation between mortal and fate is unclear
§ Debate over two diNerent life he could live (glory vs living
life)
• However, his drive for glory overpowers these anxieties



Phoenix’s Speech

• Phoenix now makes his appeal to Achilles, and reminds him of their past history
together and his love for Achilles

• Tries to convince Achilles that he has his best interests at heart

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