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SOC 337 Final Exam Study Guide| questions and answers correct and verified A+ Corrections are a generic term covering a variety of functions carried out by government (and increasingly private) agencies having to do with the punishment, treatment, supervision, and management of individuals who...

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  • October 26, 2024
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SOC 337 Final Exam Study Guide| questio
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ns and answers correct and verified A+
fs fs fs fs fs fs




Correctionsfsarefsafsgenericfstermfscoveringfsafsvarietyfsoffsfunctionsfscarriedfsoutfsbyfsgovernmentfs(andfsincreasi
nglyfsprivate)fsagenciesfshavingfstofsdofswithfsthefspunishment,fstreatment,fssupervision,fsandfsmanagementfsoffs
individualsfswhofshavefsbeenfsconvictedfsorfsaccusedfsoffscriminalfsoffenses.fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Correctionsfsarefsafsgenericfstermfscoveringfsafsvarietyfsoffsfunctionsfscarriedfsoutfsbyfsgovernmentfs(andfsincreasi
nglyfsprivate)fsagenciesfshavingfstofsdofswithfsthefspunishment,fstreatment,fssupervision,fsandfsmanagementfsoffs
individualsfswhofshavefsbeenfsconvictedfsorfsaccusedfsoffscriminalfsoffenses.
Whatfsarefscorrections?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Correctionsfsarefsafsgenericfstermfscoveringfsafsvarietyfsoffsfunctionsfscarriedfsoutfsbyfsgovernmentfs(andfsincreasi
nglyfsprivate)fsagenciesfshavingfstofsdofswithfsthefspunishment,fstreatment,fssupervision,fsandfsmanagementfsoffs
individualsfswhofshavefsbeenfsconvictedfsorfsaccusedfsoffscriminalfsoffenses.
Whatfsarefsthefsrecentfstrendsfsinfsincarcerations?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
DrasticfsincreasefsinfsincarcerationfsratesfsinfsthefsUnitedfsStates.fsBetweenfs1960fsandfs2012,fstherefswasfsafs466
%fsincrease.
Whatfstrendsfssurroundfsthefs'pipeline'fsoffsthefsCJS?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Notfseveryonefswhofscommitsfsafscrimefsisfspunishedfsbecausefscrimesfsarefsnotfsalwaysfsreportedfsandfsthefs'pip
eline'fshasfsmultiplefsoutcomesfs-fsjailfstime,fspleafsbargain,fsetc.
TruefsorfsFalse?fsNotfseveryonefswhofscommitsfsafscrimefsisfspunishedfsbecausefscrimesfsarefsnotfsalwaysfsreporte
dfsandfsthefs'pipeline'fshasfsmultiplefsoutcomesfs-fsjailfstime,fspleafsbargain,fsetc.fs-fscorrectfsanswers-True

Notfseveryonefswhofscommitsfsafscrimefsisfspunishedfsbecausefscrimesfsarefsnotfsalwaysfsreportedfsandfsthefs'pip
eline'fshasfsmultiplefsoutcomesfs-fsjailfstime,fspleafsbargain,fsetc.
LegalfsPunishmentfsisfsthefsstate-authorizedfsimpositionfsoffssomefsformfsoffsdeprivationfs-
fsoffsliberties,fsresources,fsorfsevenfslifefs-

fsuponfsafspersonfsjustlyfsconvictedfsoffsafsviolationfsoffsthefscriminalfslaw.fs-fscorrectfsanswers-

LegalfsPunishmentfsisfsthefsstate-authorizedfsimpositionfsoffssomefsformfsoffsdeprivationfs-
fsoffsliberties,fsresources,fsorfsevenfslifefs-fsuponfsafspersonfsjustlyfsconvictedfsoffsafsviolationfsoffsthefscriminalfslaw.

Whatfsisfslegalfspunishment?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-LegalfsPunishmentfsisfsthefsstate-
authorizedfsimpositionfsoffssomefsformfsoffsdeprivationfs-fsoffsliberties,fsresources,fsorfsevenfslifefs-
fsuponfsafspersonfsjustlyfsconvictedfsoffsafsviolationfsoffsthefscriminalfslaw.

Whatfsarefsthefsthreefspropertiesfsoffsthefsclassicalfsschool?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-Certainty
Swiftness
Severity
Whatfsisfscertainty?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Thefscertaintyfsoffspunishment,fsevenfsiffsmoderate,fswillfsalwaysfsmakefsafsstrongfsimpression.fsTherefsisfsafslevelfs
offscertaintyfsaboutfsfinesfsorfspunishmentfsthatfswillfsaccompanyfsafsdeviantfsbehavior.
Whatfsisfsswiftness?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Thefsmorefspromptlyfsandfsmorefscloselyfspunishmentfsfollowsfsuponfsthefscommissionfsoffsafscrime,fsthefsmorefsj
ustfsandfsusefulfsitfswillfsbe.
Whatfsisfsseverity?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-Thefsevilfswhichfspunishmentfsinflictsfsshouldfsnotfsexceedfsthefscrime
Thefsprinciplefsoffsutilityfspositsfsthatfshumanfsactionsfsshouldfsbefsjudgedfsmoralfsorfsimmoralfsbyfstheirfseffectfso
nfsthefshappinessfsoffsthefscommunity;fs"thefsgreatestfsgoodfsforfsthefsgreatestfsnumber".fs-fscorrectfsanswers-

,Thefsprinciplefsoffsutilityfspositsfsthatfshumanfsactionsfsshouldfsbefsjudgedfsmoralfsorfsimmoralfsbyfstheirfseffectfso
nfsthefshappinessfsoffsthefscommunity;fs"thefsgreatestfsgoodfsforfsthefsgreatestfsnumber".
Whatfsisfsthefsprinciplefsoffsutility?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Thefsprinciplefsoffsutilityfspositsfsthatfshumanfsactionsfsshouldfsbefsjudgedfsmoralfsorfsimmoralfsbyfstheirfseffectfso
nfsthefshappinessfsoffsthefscommunity;fs"thefsgreatestfsgoodfsforfsthefsgreatestfsnumber".
HowfsisfsPunishmentfsJustified?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-Viafsassumptionsfsaboutfshumanfsnature
Howfsisfspunishmentfsjustified?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-Hedonismfs


Hedonismfsbelievesfsthatfseveryonefshasfsgoalsfsinfslifefs-fsachievefspleasurefsandfsavoidfspain-
fspeoplefsarefsrationalfsandfswillfsweighfsthefsbenefitsfsandfsrisksfsoffsanfsact.fsHedonisticfscalculusfsstatesfsthatfsind

ividualsfswillfsdofsafscost/benefitfsanalysisfsbeforefsdeciding.
Whatfsisfsthefsfunctionfsoffspunishment?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Functionsfsforfssocietyfsasfsitfsreaffirmsfssocialfsnormsfsandfsexpectations.fsPunishmentfsprovidesfsanfselementfso
ffssympathyfsandfsvengeancefsforfsvictims;fs"sendsfsafsmessage"fstofssocietyfsasfsafswhole.
Whatfsisfsretribution?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-"justfsdesserts"fsmodel,fsthefspunishmentfsfitsfsthefscrime
Whatfsisfsdeterrence?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Thefsthreatfsoffspunishmentfsthatfsmakesfspeoplefsnotfswantfstofscommitfsafscrime
Whatfsisfsgeneralfsdeterrence?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Preventativefseffectfsoffsthefsthreatfsoffspunishmentfsonfsthefsgeneralfspopulation,fsaimedfsatfspotentialfsoffende
rs.

Examplefs-fsspeedfslimitfssigns,fsdeathfspenalty,fspresencefsoffssecurityfscameras
Whatfsisfsspecificfsdeterrence?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Thefsexperiencefsoffssufferingfspunishmentfsshouldfsinhibitfsfuturefslawfsviolations.fsAimfstofsconvincefsoffender
sfsthatfsthefspainsfsoffspunishmentfsarefsgreaterfsthanfsthefspotentialfsbenefitsfsoffscrime.

Examplefs-fsthreefsstrikesfslaw
Whatfsisfsanfsexamplefsoffsgeneralfsdeterrence?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-Examplefs-
fsspeedfslimitfssigns,fsdeathfspenalty,fspresencefsoffssecurityfscameras

Whatfsisfsanfsexamplefsoffsspecificfsdeterrence?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-Examplefs-fsthreefsstrikesfslaw
Recidivismfs-
fsreoffending,fscommittingfsafscrimefsafterfsalreadyfshavingfsbeenfspunished.fsThefsU.S.fshasfshighfsrecidivismfsrat

esfswhenfscomparedfstofsotherfscountries.fs-fscorrectfsanswers-Recidivismfs-
fsreoffending,fscommittingfsafscrimefsafterfsalreadyfshavingfsbeenfspunished.fsThefsU.S.fshasfshighfsrecidivismfsrat

esfswhenfscomparedfstofsotherfscountries.
ContrastfsEffectfs-
fsthefseffectfsoffspunishmentfsdependsfsonfshowfssaidfsconsequencesfsaffectfsthefsoffender'sfslifefs-

fscorrectfsanswers-ContrastfsEffectfs-

fsthefseffectfsoffspunishmentfsdependsfsonfshowfssaidfsconsequencesfsaffectfsthefsoffender'sfslife

Whatfsisfsrecidivism?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-Recidivismfs-
fsreoffending,fscommittingfsafscrimefsafterfsalreadyfshavingfsbeenfspunished.fsThefsU.S.fshasfshighfsrecidivismfsrat

esfswhenfscomparedfstofsotherfscountries.
Whatfsisfsthefscontrastfseffect?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-ContrastfsEffectfs-
fsthefseffectfsoffspunishmentfsdependsfsonfshowfssaidfsconsequencesfsaffectfsthefsoffender'sfslife

Incapacitationfs-fsthefsinabilityfsoffscriminalfstofsvictimizefspeoplefsduefstofsbeingfslockedfsawayfs-
fscorrectfsanswers-Incapacitationfs-fsthefsinabilityfsoffscriminalfstofsvictimizefspeoplefsduefstofsbeingfslockedfsaway

,SelectivefsIncapacitationfs-
fsafspunishmentfsstrategyfsreservingfsprisonsfsforfsafsselectfsgroupfsoffsoffenders.fsRoughlyfs6-

10%fsoffsoffendersfscommitfsthefsmajorityfsoffsallfscrimes.fs-fscorrectfsanswers-SelectivefsIncapacitationfs-
fsafspunishmentfsstrategyfsreservingfsprisonsfsforfsafsselectfsgroupfsoffsoffenders.fsRoughlyfs6-

10%fsoffsoffendersfscommitfsthefsmajorityfsoffsallfscrimes.
CriminalfsCareerfs-fsafslifefsoffsminorfsoffensesfsthatfsmostfspeoplefsmakefs

Example:fsunderagefsdrinking,fsjaywalking,fsminorfsdelinquentfschoicesfs-fscorrectfsanswers-CriminalfsCareerfs-
fsafslifefsoffsminorfsoffensesfsthatfsmostfspeoplefsmakefs




Example:fsunderagefsdrinking,fsjaywalking,fsminorfsdelinquentfschoices
CareerfsCriminalfs-fssomeonefswhofsperpetuallyfscommitsfscrimefs-fscorrectfsanswers-CareerfsCriminalfs-
fssomeonefswhofsperpetuallyfscommitsfscrime

Whatfsisfsincapacitation?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Thefsinabilityfsoffscriminalfstofsvictimizefspeoplefsduefstofsbeingfslockedfsaway
Whatfsisfsselectivefsincapacitation?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Afspunishmentfsstrategyfsreservingfsprisonsfsforfsafsselectfsgroup
offsoffenders.fsRoughlyfs6-10%fsoffsoffendersfscommitfsthefsmajorityfsoffsallfscrimes.
Whatfsisfsafscriminalfscareer?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-Afslifefsoffsminorfsoffensesfsthatfsmostfspeoplefsmakefs

fssomeonefswhofsperpetuallyfscommitsfscrimeExample:fsunderagefsdrinking,fsjaywalking,fsminorfsdelinquentfsc
hoices
Whatfsisfsafscareerfscriminal?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-Someonefswhofsperpetuallyfscommitsfscrime
Rehabilitationfs-
fschangefsoffenders'fsattitudesfssofsthatfstheyfscomefstofsacceptfstheirfsbehaviorfsasfswrongfs(ratherfsthanfsdeterfst

hroughfsmorefspunishment)fs-fscorrectfsanswers-Rehabilitationfs-
fschangefsoffenders'fsattitudesfssofsthatfstheyfscomefstofsacceptfstheirfsbehaviorfsasfswrongfs(ratherfsthanfsdeterfst

hroughfsmorefspunishment)
Reintegrationfs-fshelpsfsoffendersfsreenterfsthefsfreefscommunityfsandfsdofssofswell-
equippedfswithfsskillsfstofsbefssuccessfulfs-fscorrectfsanswers-Reintegrationfs-
fshelpsfsoffendersfsreenterfsthefsfreefscommunityfsandfsdofssofswell-equippedfswithfsskillsfstofsbefssuccessful

CrimefsControlfsModelfs-
fsemphasizesfscommunityfsprotectionfsfromfscriminalsfsandfsstressesfsthatfscivilfslibertiesfscanfsonlyfshavefsrealfsm

eaningfsinfsafssafefssocietyfs-fscorrectfsanswers-CrimefsControlfsModelfs-
fsemphasizesfscommunityfsprotectionfsfromfscriminalsfsandfsstressesfsthatfscivilfslibertiesfscanfsonlyfshavefsrealfsm

eaningfsinfsafssafefssociety
DuefsProcessfsModelfs-fsstressesfsthefsrightsfsoffsthefsaccusedfsmorefsthanfsthefsrightsfsoffsthefscommunityfs-
fscorrectfsanswers-DuefsProcessfsModelfs-

fsstressesfsthefsrightsfsoffsthefsaccusedfsmorefsthanfsthefsrightsfsoffsthefscommunity

Whatfsisfsrehabilitation?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Changefsoffenders'fsattitudesfssofsthatfstheyfscomefstofsacceptfstheirfsbehaviorfsasfswrongfs(ratherfsthanfsdeterfsth
roughfsmorefspunishment)
Whatfsisfsreintegration?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-Helpsfsoffendersfsreenterfsthefsfreefscommunityfsandfsdofssofswell-
equippedfswithfsskillsfstofsbefssuccessful
WhatfsisfsthefsCrimefsControlfsModel?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Emphasizesfscommunityfsprotectionfsfromfscriminalsfsandfsstressesfsthatfscivilfslibertiesfscanfsonlyfshavefsrealfsm
eaningfsinfsafssafefssociety

, Whatfsisfsthefsduefsprocessfsmodel?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Stressesfsthefsrightsfsoffsthefsaccusedfsmorefsthanfsthefsrightsfsoffsthefscommunity
GalleyfsSlaveryfs-
fsafssentencefsforcingfsthefsconvictfstofsworkfsasfsafsrowerfsonfsafsship.fsThisfstypefsoffspunishmentfswasfsusedfsasfsanf

salternativefstofsthefsdeathfspenalty.




GalleyfsSlaveryfswasfsmainlyfsusedfsbyfsthefsAncientfsGreeksfsandfsRomans,fsEurope,fsandfsEngland.fs-
fscorrectfsanswers-GalleyfsSlaveryfs-

fsafssentencefsforcingfsthefsconvictfstofsworkfsasfsafsrowerfsonfsafsship.fsThisfstypefsoffspunishmentfswasfsusedfsasfsanf

salternativefstofsthefsdeathfspenalty.




GalleyfsSlaveryfswasfsmainlyfsusedfsbyfsthefsAncientfsGreeksfsandfsRomans,fsEurope,fsandfsEngland.
Bridewellsfs-fsworkhousesfsconstructedfstofsholdfsandfswhipfs"beggars,fsprostitutes,fsandfsnightwalkers"fs-
fscorrectfsanswers-Bridewellsfs-

fsworkhousesfsconstructedfstofsholdfsandfswhipfs"beggars,fsprostitutes,fsandfsnightwalkers"

Debtors'fsPrisonsfs-fssimilarfstofsbridewells,fspeoplefscouldfsworkfsofffsdebtfsthroughfshardfslaborfs-
fscorrectfsanswers-Debtors'fsPrisonsfs-

fssimilarfstofsbridewells,fspeoplefscouldfsworkfsofffsdebtfsthroughfshardfslabor

Whatfsisfsgalleyfsslavery?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Afssentencefsforcingfsthefsconvictfstofsworkfsasfsafsrowerfsonfsafsship.fsThisfstypefsoffspunishmentfswasfsusedfsasfsanfs
alternativefstofsthefsdeathfspenalty.
Wherefswasfsgalleyfsslaveryfsmainlyfsused?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
GalleyfsSlaveryfswasfsmainlyfsusedfsbyfsthefsAncientfsGreeksfsandfsRomans,fsEurope,fsandfsEngland.
Whatfsarefsbridewells?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Workhousesfsconstructedfstofsholdfsandfswhipfs"beggars,fsprostitutes,fsandfsnightwalkers"
Whatfsarefsdebtors'fsprisons?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Similarfstofsbridewells,fspeoplefscouldfsworkfsofffsdebtfsthroughfshardfslabor
Asfscitiesfsstartedfstofsdevelopfs(increasedfspopulation),fsjobsfsbecamefsscarce.fsIncreasesfsinfspovertyfsresultedfsi
nfsharshfsresponsesfsfromfsthosefsinfspower.fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
Asfscitiesfsstartedfstofsdevelopfs(increasedfspopulation),fsjobsfsbecamefsscarce.fsIncreasesfsinfspovertyfsresultedfsi
nfsharshfsresponsesfsfromfsthosefsinfspower.
Transportationfs-fsafssentencefsbanningfsconvictsfsfromfsafscityfsandfsmovingfsthemfstofsafspenalfscolonyfs-
fscorrectfsanswers-Transportationfs-

fsafssentencefsbanningfsconvictsfsfromfsafscityfsandfsmovingfsthemfstofsafspenalfscolony

NorfolkfsIslandfs-
fsbrutalfsprisonfsaroundfs1,000fsmilesfsofffsAustralianfscoast.fsPoorlyfsfed,fsclothed,fsandfshousedfsinmates.fs-

fscorrectfsanswers-NorfolkfsIslandfs-

fsbrutalfsprisonfsaroundfs1,000fsmilesfsofffsAustralianfscoast.fsPoorlyfsfed,fsclothed,fsandfshousedfsinmates.

AlexanderfsMaconochiefswasfsthefsnavalfscaptainfsandfswardenfsoffsNorfolkfsIsland.fsHefstransformedfsthefsbrutal
fsplacefsandfsbeganfstofsrewardfsinmatesfsforfsgoodfsbehavior.fsThisfsresultedfsinfsprivilegesfsandfsearlyfsreleasefs(fi

rstfssignsfsoffssuchfscorrectionalfspractices)fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
AlexanderfsMaconochiefswasfsthefsnavalfscaptainfsandfswardenfsoffsNorfolkfsIsland.fsHefstransformedfsthefsbrutal
fsplacefsandfsbeganfstofsrewardfsinmatesfsforfsgoodfsbehavior.fsThisfsresultedfsinfsprivilegesfsandfsearlyfsreleasefs(fi

rstfssignsfsoffssuchfscorrectionalfspractices)
WhatfswasfsNorfolkfsIsland?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-NorfolkfsIslandfs-
fsbrutalfsprisonfsaroundfs1,000fsmilesfsofffsAustralianfscoast.fsPoorlyfsfed,fsclothed,fsandfshousedfsinmates.

WhofswasfsthefscaptainfsoffsNorfolkfsIsland?fs-fscorrectfsanswers-
AlexanderfsMaconochiefswasfsthefsnavalfscaptainfsandfswardenfsoffsNorfolkfsIsland.fs

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