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Biology Major Field Test Study Set UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers

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Biology Major Field

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Biology Major Field

Biology Major Field Test Study Set UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers "4 Biomolecules and Monomers - CORRECT ANSWER- Protein (amino acids) Carbohydrates (simple sugars) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) Nuclei acids (nucleotides)" dipeptides - CORRECT ANSWER- two amino acids bonded...

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Uploaded on October 26, 2024
Number of pages 18
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biology major field tes
biology major field test
biology major field
biology major field test study set
biology major field test study

Institution Biology Major Field
Course Biology Major Field

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Biology Major Field Test Study Set
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
"4 Biomolecules and Monomers - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Protein (amino acids)
Carbohydrates (simple sugars) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) Nuclei acids (nucleotides)"

dipeptides - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- two amino acids bonded together

what is the general fatty acid formula - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- CH3(CH2)nCOOH where
n= an even number between 12 and 24

explain identifying saturated vs. unsaturated fats - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- saturated: only
single bonds in hydrocarbon chain... unsaturated: one or more double bonds

glycerides - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Levels of Protein Structure - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1. order of amino acids 2. alpha-
helices or beta-pleated sheets 3. bonding b/w a.a. side chains 4. multi-subunit structure

nucleotide is composed of - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- phosphate group; sugar group;
nitrogenous base

Vmax - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- maximum reaction rate at which point substrate is
saturated with enzyme

Feedback Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- end-product of enzyme catalyzed rxn.
blocks original enz.

Competitive Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- molecules compete with substrate for
enzyme's active sites

,irreversible inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- chemically and covalently bind to active
site; rendering it permanently inactive

psuedoirreversible inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- extremely high affinities for active
site; hard to displace

noncompetitive inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- do not compete for active site but act
elsewhere on enz.; altering 3D shape

photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- anabolic process that converts sunlight into
energy stored in the phosphate bonds of ATP, then more permanently stored in bonds of
organic carbon compounds

electron transport chain - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- series of carrier molecules on the inner
mitochondrial membrane which pass electrons through enzymes that pump protons to one
side of the membrane, creating a proton gradient

chemiosmosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- the use of a gradient, such as a proton gradient, to
generate energy. The ATP synthase enzyme uses the kinetic movement of protons down the
gradient to store energy by converting ADP to ATP

ATP - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Adenosine tri phosphate, a modified nucleotide that stores
energy in it's phosphate bonds.

fermentation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the
formation of ethanol or lactic acid, to make ATP. It does not include the Kreb's cycle
(producing CO2) or the ETC.

occluding/tight junctions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- nothing can diffuse between cells or
past junction

anchoring junctions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- physical joining so cells do not shear away

, communicating junctions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- gap junctions are formed by proteins
called connexins that allow for undisrupted and very fast signal transmission

plasmodesmata - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- plant cells' equivalent of gap junctions

G-actin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- globular monomer

F-actin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- long filament

microtubules - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cellular conveyor belts

microtubule assoc. proteins - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- attach to tubulin on one end and
cargo on the other dyneins: pull to center kinesins: outside"

9+2 structure - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 9 prs microtubules surrounding 2 central
microtubules for stability (structure of cilia&flagella)

basal bodies - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- microtubule triplets; anchor cilia/flagella;
foundation for new microtubules

centrioles - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- anchor microtubules growing into mitotic spindle

intermediate filaments - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- thin fibers wound together in tight coils;
membrane stability

proto-oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- normal genes involved in control of cell
growth/division

oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- mutations occur and no longer maintain control over
a particular aspect of growth

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