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PCC exam 1 Questions and Answers
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PCC exam 1 Questions and Answers When the results of a lab test are within a predetermined range of values, the results are considered what? "Normal" Always treat the what? Not the lab value. Patient Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 ...

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  • October 27, 2024
  • 16
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • pcc exam 1 questions and answers
  • when the results of a lab test are within a predet
  • always treat the what not the lab value patient

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PCC exam 1 Questions and Answers
When the results of a lab test are within a predetermined range of values, the results
are considered what? - answer "Normal"

Always treat the what? Not the lab value. - answer Patient

Isolated abnormal lab values which do not correlate with the patient's clinical condition
may be what?

What should be done in this case? - answer Meaningless

Consider lab error, repeat test, or check previous results

When looking at Complete Blood Count, how can you determine if the patient has
anemia or a bleed? - answer Hemoglobin (Hgb) and Hematocrit (Hct)

When looking at Complete Blood Count, how can you determine if the patient has an
infection? - answer White Blood Cell count (leukocyte differential)

When looking at Complete Blood Count, how can you determine if the patient's heparin
should discontinued due to a possible adverse effect? - answer Platelet count

What are the 7 components of "Chem 7?"
(pneumonic: Some People Cry Because Beyonce Sings Good) - answer Sodium
(Na)
Potassium (K)
Chloride (Cl)
Bicarbonate (CO2)
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Serum Creatinine (SCr)
Glucose

What is the normal range of Hemoglobin (Hgb) in males compared to females? - answer
Males: 14-18 g/dL
Females: 12-16 g/dL

When does it mean if a patient's hemoglobin levels are glycosylated (HgbA1c)? -
answer They have diabetes

When are hemoglobin levels low? - answer In anemia

What is the normal range of hematocrit (Hct) in males compared to females? - answer
Males: 39%-49%

,Females: 33%-43%

When are hematocrit levels low? - answer In anemia, bleeds, chronic diseases,
hemolysis

What does white blood cell (WBC) differential evaluate? - answer Distribution &
morphology of 5 major types of WBCs

When are WBCs increased?

When are they decreased? - answer During infection, physiological stress,
administration or corticosteroids, leukemia

In bone marrow suppression

What is involved in blood clotting/coagulation? - answer Platelets

What can decreased platelet count (thrombocytopenia) lead to? - answer
Spontaneous hemorrhage

Heparin can cause "heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)," therefore patients
receiving _______ or _______ should monitored closely. - answer Heparin or
enoxaparin

What is the normal range of sodium in the body? - answer 135-145 mEq/L

A sodium overload is known as what? - answer Hypernatremia

When is hypernatremia seen? - answer In impaired thirst, inability to replace
insensible fluid losses, renal or GI losses

What is the true depletion or dilution of sodium? - answer Hyponatremia

What is the normal range of potassium in the body? - answer 3.5-5 mEq/L

It is important to monitor potassium because hyperkalemia can lead to what? - answer
Cardiac arrest, hypotension, bradycardia, cardiac rhythm disturbances

Along with decreased renal output, what drugs can cause hyperkalemia? - answer
NSAIDs, ACEIs, ARBs, heparin, K-sparing diuretics

What are causes of hypokalemia? - answer Increased output (vomiting, diarrhea)
and increased renal output (diuretics)

What is the normal range of chloride in the body? - answer 96-106 mEq/L

, Chloride increases or decreases in proportion to what? - answer Sodium (Na)

When would chloride be reduced or increased? - answer Reduced in metabolic
alkalosis and increased in metabolic acidosis

When would Bicarbonate levels be lower or higher than the normal range of 22-28
mEq/L? - answer Decreased: metabolic acidosis
Increased: metabolic alkalosis

What is the normal fasting range? - answer 70-110 mg/dL

Fasting level is the best indicator of what? - answer Glucose homeostasis

What could an increased fasting level indicate? - answer Diabetes mellitus

Hyperglycemia can be caused by what (4)? - answer - Diabetes mellitus
- Stress
- Infection
- Steroids

What could hyperglycemia progress to? - answer Coma

What are symptoms of hyperglycemia? - answer - Increased thirst *(polydipsia)*
- Increased urination *(polyurea)*
- Increased hunger *(polyphagia)*

Hypoglycemia may be caused by what (3)? - answer - Fasting
- Insulin administration
- Oral glycemic agents

What is the normal level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)? - answer 8-18 mg/dL

When would BUN be decreased? - answer In malnutrition, liver disease, fluid
overload

What is a product of muscle breakdown? - answer Serum Creatinine (creatine
phosphate)

What does increased Serum Creatinine (SCr) indicate? - answer Worsening renal
function

SCr should be monitored when a patient is on a medication that requires what? -
answer "Renal adjustment"

What is the normal range of Serum Creatinine (SCr)? - answer 0.6-1.2 mg/dL

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