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INST203 - Section 1 Identity test questions and answers.
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INST203 - Section 1 Identitytest questions and answers
Identity
Someone's character, mental, or moral attitudes.
Identity crisis
a period of intense self-examination and decision making; part of the
process of identity formation. Can be particularly difficult for those moving
between cultures.
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Brainpower
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"Indian" word origin
Columbus' thought he had landed in the West Indies and finding the
peoples there to be generous and peaceful. referred to them as "Indians"
"Indian" modern usage/controversy
An inclusive term for all Indigenous peoples.
-Not all want to be identified so
-Term has been forced on them through enduring impact of colonization
-some have reclaimed the term for self-identification
Acceptance of "Indian" identifyer
,-Term was imposed on those who survived colonization (Canada and US)
-acceptance due to colonial relationship with governments
-term is important in dealing socially, economically and politically with
societal mainstreams
-20th century saw rise of "First Nations" for self identification. Legal and
political choice. self determination and replaces colonially entrenched
terminology of the past.
Enfranchisement
A statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a
government (especially the rights of citizenship and the right to vote).
Effects of European fur traders and missionaries
-introduction of tools disrupted balance of power between women/men
-Christianity impacted Cultural beliefs and values
-trading affected economic and political systems
-led to demise of fur-bearing animals (food sources)
-guns disappeared the buffalo from overhunting
-disease
Indian Act 1876
Formalized the First Nation's dependency (seen as guardianship) on the
Canadian state and regulated almost every aspect of their social and
economic life.
-formalized assimilation and initiated reserves
"Importance" of reserve system
Isolate and protect Indians.
Become "cradle of the Indian civilization effort and the means of securing
the white mans freedom to exploit the vast riches of a growing dominion"
Goal of Canada's Indian Policy
-Prepare for absorption into society
-shed native language, customs, religion
-become self sufficient members of society and labour force
-Christianization
-Education in residential schools
-Imposition of Euro-Canadian political system on reserves
-Enfanchisement
Urbanization and gender issues (3)
1. denial of "Indian" status for women who married non-Indians pre-1985
2. Aboriginal women are more educated than men
3. Women left reserves due to housing and family related issues
, Consequences of women losing Indian status when marrying non-Indian
Males
-no right to live on reserve
-no right to obtain federal services
-often moved to urban centres because of this
Urbanization reason for Aboriginal women being higher educated than
men
Could not use their skills on reserves (patriarchal) so moved to urban
centres to use their educational/technical skills
Family and housing issue effects on urbanization of Aboriginal women
-Leaving to find adequate lodging
-Leaving because of violence and abuse
Bill C-31
Removal of the discriminatory clause from the Indian Act and women and
their children were able to regain their status.
Bill C-31 Aftermath
Many reserves had revised their requirements, making women and
children not eligible for band membership.
Many women didn't want to return due to lifestyle/jobs/communities
Left out women denied status pre-1951 (denying discrimination of those
peoples)
Does not remedy ongoing and past discriminations of Indigenous women
or matrilineal descendants
Post WW2 Indigenous urbanization reasons
-scarce resources on reserves
-growing populations on reserves
-high unemployment on reserves
-low education and job skills on reserves
-mainly women went to urban centres
How do Urban Aboriginals preserve culture
Mainly by socializing with only other Aboriginal peoples
"experts" arguing for generic "Native" moniker
AND
arguments against
say that specific terms are not useful, being politicized and bureaucratic,
dividing populations. Legal distinctions lead to tension and destabilization
within communities.
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