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NSG 532 Exam 4 Study Questions and Answers Graded A 2024
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Define Immunology -Correct Answer The science of self (well ordered host) and non-self (pathogens/disordered self) discrimination Define physiologic responses of the immune system -Correct Answer Proper self recognition Effective immune responses Complete elimination Long lasting rememb...

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  • October 29, 2024
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NSG 532 Exam 4



NSG 532 Exam 4 Study Questions and
Answers Graded A 2024
Define Immunology -Correct Answer ✔The science of self (well ordered host) and non-
self (pathogens/disordered self) discrimination

Define physiologic responses of the immune system -Correct Answer ✔Proper self
recognition

Effective immune responses

Complete elimination

Long lasting remembrance

Define pathological responses of the immune system -Correct Answer ✔Hyperactivity
-autoimmunity
-hypersensitivity

Hypoactivity
-immune deficiencies
-malignancies
-infections

Describe possible things that can be considered "non-self" -Correct Answer ✔Obligatory
intra/extracellular microbes

Facultative intracellular microbes

Opportunistic microbes

Transformed/mutated cells

Diseased cells

Aged/dead cells

Infected/toxic cells

Mismatched transplanted cells

Define an epitope -Correct Answer ✔The part of the antigen that is specifically
recognized by antibodies



NSG 532 Exam 4

,NSG 532 Exam 4


Also called an antigenic determinant ---meaning antibodies interaction with the
antigen/epitope will determine the immune response

What is the difference between an antigen and immunogen? -Correct Answer ✔Both
are types of epitopes

Antigen
-Provokes weak/no immune response
-Can react with immune response products
-produces weak or no memory

Immunogen
-Provokes strong immune response
-can react with immune response product
-produces long-lasting memory

What is a hapten? -Correct Answer ✔A non-immunogenic epitope

When a hapten comes in contact with a carrier protein, the complex becomes
immunogenic

What criteria are immunogens judged upon? -Correct Answer ✔Degree of foreigness

Size/molecular weight

Chemical nature/complexity

Ability to degrade

Dose

Route of presentation

What are the primary immune organs? -Correct Answer ✔Thymus

Bone Marrow

These are where differentiation, proliferation, and maturation of stem cells occurs to turn
them into immune cells

What are the secondary immune organs? -Correct Answer ✔Lymph Nodes

Peyers patches

Tonsils



NSG 532 Exam 4

, NSG 532 Exam 4


Appendix

These are where interaction between self and non-self occurs
Initiation of immune responses occurs here

Describe the route of a hematopoeitic stem cell in the bone marrow as it moves to
become an immune cell -Correct Answer ✔HSC is differentiated in bone marrow to
become a Lymphoid Stem Cell

LSC differentiates into B cells in the bone marrow and then to lymph node

LSC can also go to thymus where they will be differentiated into T cells and then to the
lymph node

What cells in the thymus trigger differentiation? -Correct Answer ✔Stromal epithelial
cells trigger differentiation and maturation of thymocytes

What hormones trigger the thymus to mature and differentiate thymocytes? -Correct
Answer ✔Thymosine hormone

Growth Factors

Cytokines

Where do Thymocytes enter the Thymus? -Correct Answer ✔The corticomedullary
junction of the thymus

What occurs in the cortex of the thymus? -Correct Answer ✔The earliest phases of
thymocyte development and positive selection, also the start of negative selection

What occurs in the medulla of the thymus? -Correct Answer ✔Thymocytes complete
negative selection and also removal of autoreactive T cells

Describe the overall process of T Cell differentiation in the thymus -Correct Answer ✔T
Cell Precursors (CD3+CD4-CD8-TCR-) enter the thymus through the cortico-medullary
junction and localize to the cortical side

They receive the differentiation signal and migrate to the mid cortex where they express
the T Cell Receptor (TCR)

TCR+ cells then differentiate further into double positive T cells with CD4+ and CD8+

Double positive T cells are tested for autoreactivity. Those that can distinguish self from
non-self receive a survival signal




NSG 532 Exam 4

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