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NSG 532 Unit 1 Exam Test Questions and Answers Graded A 2024
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4 Part Definition of Physiology -Answer- Study of bodily functions in a healthy organism Intermolecular interactions and communications w/in an organism and with its internal/external environment Mutual relationships between an organism and its microbiome Homeostatic processes Is physio...

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  • October 29, 2024
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NSG 532 Unit 1



NSG 532 Unit 1 Exam Test Questions
and Answers Graded A 2024
4 Part Definition of Physiology -Answer- ✔Study of bodily functions in a healthy
organism

Intermolecular interactions and communications w/in an organism and with its
internal/external environment

Mutual relationships between an organism and its microbiome

Homeostatic processes

Is physiology focused more on organic compounds or inorganic compounds? -Answer-
✔Organic

Homeostasis definition -Answer- ✔Variables are regulated so that internal conditions
(including microbiome composition and diversity) remain stable and relatively constant

What 3 characteristics do all living beings share? -Answer- ✔A source of life information
(DNA/RNA)

Cellular organelles to process info into structural and functional proteins

Cellular organelles to generate energy

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? -Answer- ✔Genotype - the
actual information printed in the DNA

Phenotype - how the information is physically expressed

Diversity begins with the variations among genotype information

What is the beginning of the life energy process? -Answer- ✔The sun provides solar
energy

What do plants do with inorganic compounds CO2, H2O, and sunlight? -Answer-
✔Combine to produce organic compounds and oxygen using photosynthesis

What is the byproduct of the use of oxygen to breakdown organic compounds? -
Answer- ✔ATP - aerobic respiration




NSG 532 Unit 1

,NSG 532 Unit 1


What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? -Answer- ✔Autotrophs
can convert inorganic compounds into organic compounds - only plants able to do this

Heterotrophs must consume organic compounds such as plants or animals that eat
plants to create ATP

What are the four most important biomolecules? -Answer- ✔DNA
RNA
Proteins
ATP

Of DNA, RNA, Proteins, and ATP which are information and which are energy? -
Answer- ✔DNA, RNA, Proteins - Information

ATP - Energy

What is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?
Which is more common in humans? -Answer- ✔Aerobic - w/the use of oxygen

Anaerobic - w/o the use of oxygen

99% of human energy production is aerobic

How many ATP does the process of glycolysis create? -Answer- ✔2 ATP molecules

What organelle does the krebs cycle take place in? -Answer- ✔Mitochondria

How many ATP does the Krebs cycle produce? -Answer- ✔2 ATP

How many ATP does the Electron Transport Chain produce? -Answer- ✔34 ATP

How many ATP total are produced with the breakdown of organic compounds in aerobic
cellular respiration? -Answer- ✔38 ATP

What element is needed for the electron transport chain to work properly? -Answer-
✔Oxygen

What purpose does oxygen serve in aerobic cellular respiration? -Answer- ✔Oxygen
increases the efficiency of ATP production

How many ATP does anaerobic cellular respiration create? What are other byproducts?
-Answer- ✔2 ATP

Byproducts are 2 molecules of lactate



NSG 532 Unit 1

,NSG 532 Unit 1


What type of cells use lactic acid fermentation anaerobic respiration? -Answer- ✔Some
bacteria, liver cells, muscle cells

What are two types of anaerobic cellular respiration? -Answer- ✔Lactic Acid
Fermentation

Alcoholic Fermentation

What type of organisms use alcoholic fermentation? -Answer- ✔Yeast and some
bacteria

Explain the name behind Adenosine Triphosphate -Answer- ✔Adenine + Ribose =
Adenosine

3 Phosphate = Triphosphate

Moving from ATP to ADP to AMP is creating or using energy? -Answer- ✔Using energy

Moving from AMP to ADP to ATP is creating or using energy? -Answer- ✔Creating
energy

What is the difference between dephosphorylation and phosphorylation?
Which uses energy and which stores energy? -Answer- ✔Dephosphorylation is the
removal of a phosphate group from a molecule of ATP. This is using energy.

Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group from a molecule of ATP. This is
storage/creation of energy.

What does the free phosphate created by dephosphorylation do? -Answer- ✔Activates
inactive molecules elsewhere

Which enzyme is responsible for phosyphorylation? -Answer- ✔ATP Synthase

Which enzyme is responsible for dephosphorylation? -Answer- ✔ATPase

What is NAD? -Answer- ✔Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
An electron carrier

What is NAD important for? -Answer- ✔Carries hydrogen to create energy.
Called NADH when carrying hydrogen

What is FAD? -Answer- ✔Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
An electron carrier




NSG 532 Unit 1

, NSG 532 Unit 1


What is FAD important for? -Answer- ✔Carrying hydrogen for energy creation
Called FADH when carrying hydrogen

What vitamin is important for the creation of FAD and NAD? -Answer- ✔Vitamin B

What occurs in the outer membrane of the mitochondria? -Answer- ✔Transport

What occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria? -Answer- ✔Electron Transport
Chain and ATP Synthase

What occurs in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria? -Answer- ✔H+ gradients

What occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria? -Answer- ✔Krebs cycle

What type of "machine" is the mitochondria in cells? -Answer- ✔An ATP generating
machine

How does the H+ gradient work? -Answer- ✔Creates a high concentration of hydrogen
ions in the intermembrane space.

The high gradient of ions drives H+ back through the ATP synthase found in the inner
membrane.

ATP synthase becomes activated and synthesizes ATP from ADP

Define an Exergonic reaction -Answer- ✔Any reaction that produces ATP

In an exergonic reaction will the stored ATP level be higher in the reactants or the
products? -Answer- ✔The reactants --stored ATP.

What are four common exergonic reactions? -Answer- ✔Carbohydrates into glucose
Proteins into amino acids
Lipids into fatty acids
Nucleic acids into nucleotides

What are the reactants called in exergonic reactions? -Answer- ✔Bio-Polymers

What are the products called in exergonic reactions? -Answer- ✔Bio-Monomers

What is an endergonic reaction? -Answer- ✔A reaction that utilizes/consumes ATP

Is the level of stored ATP higher in the reactants or products of an endergonic reaction?
-Answer- ✔The products



NSG 532 Unit 1

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