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SPI Exam Review ultrasound imaging type in which pulses are reflected and used to produce a display ️️pulsed wave brightness of the dots on image ️️amplitude round-trip travel time per cm in soft tissue ️️13 microseconds A line produced on a display that represents ultrasonic ec...

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  • October 29, 2024
  • 56
  • 2024/2025
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SPI Exam Review

ultrasound imaging type in which pulses are reflected and used to produce a display ✔️✔️pulsed wave



brightness of the dots on image ✔️✔️amplitude



round-trip travel time per cm in soft tissue ✔️✔️13 microseconds



A line produced on a display that represents ultrasonic echoes returning from the body. A sonographic
image is composed of many such lines. ✔️✔️scan line



Type of image presented in a rectangular format.

- Each pulse travels in same direction

- Different starting point for each pulse

- Yields series of parallel scan lines ✔️✔️linear



Type of image presented in a pie-slice or wedge shaped format.

- Each pulse originates from the same starting point

- Subsequent pulses go out in different directions from previous ones ✔️✔️sector



Frequency change tracking caused by motion of reflectors towards or away from the transducer

- Used extensively in vascular & cardiac ultrasound ✔️✔️Doppler Shift



The presentation of two-dimensional, real-time Doppler-shift information superimposed on a real-time,
gray-scale, anatomic, cross-sectional image. Flow directions toward and away from the transducer (i.e.,
positive & negative Doppler shifts) are presented as different colors on the display. ✔️✔️Color
Doppler



Unit of power or intensity ratio; also a unit of amplitude ratio ✔️✔️decibel

,doubled intensity in dB ✔️✔️3 dB



mathematical numerical system in which the number of 10s that are multiplied together in order to
equal the number



Log₁₀ of 100 = 10 × 10 = 100 or 10²



Log₁₀ of 100 = 2 ✔️✔️logarithm



What transports energy, not matter? ✔️✔️wave



Type of sound wave that requires a medium to travel in and, therefore, cannot propagate in a vacuum.
✔️✔️mechanical



Regions of high density and pressure in a compressional wave. ✔️✔️compression



Region of low density and pressure in a compressional wave. ✔️✔️rarefaction



What are the 3 acoustic variables? List them alphabetically. ✔️✔️density, distance, pressure



Concentration of force

- Units: pascals (Pa), lbs/in², atmospheres ✔️✔️Pressure



Concentration of mass

- Units: kilo/cm³ ✔️✔️Density



cycles per second ✔️✔️frequency

,unit of frequency, one cycle per second ✔️✔️hertz



20 → 20,000 Hz (20 kHz) ✔️✔️audible sound



2 to 15 MHz ✔️✔️What is the useful diagnostic frequency range for ultrasound in humans?



time per cycle

- Equation: If T = period in microseconds (µs) and ƒ = frequency in megahertz (MHz), then

T (µs) = 1/ƒ (Mhz)

- Reciprocal of frequency equation ✔️✔️period



As frequency increases, period _________. ✔️✔️decreases



length of space over which a cycle occurs

- Abbreviated: λ (lambda) ✔️✔️wavelength



0.1 → 0.8 mm ✔️✔️What is the typical ultrasound wavelength range?



speed with which a wave moves through a medium

Units: mm/μs, m/s

Abbreviation: c ✔️✔️propagation speed



What two properties of a medium affect its propagation speed? ✔️✔️density, stiffness



1.54 mm/μs OR 1540 m/s ✔️✔️speed of sound in soft tissue



Order the following by propagation speed from slowest to fastest:

bone, fat, air, muscle, liver ✔️✔️air, fat, liver, muscle, bone

, the resistance that sound encounters in traveling through a medium ✔️✔️impedance



unit of impedance ✔️✔️Rayl



equation that illustrates relationship between round-trip pulse travel time, propagation speed, and
distance to the reflector ✔️✔️range equation



(PW) the number of pulses that occur in 1 sec; sometimes called pulse repetition rate ✔️✔️pulse
repetition frequency



When distance (depth) increases, PRF ---------. ✔️✔️decreases



What must the sonographer change to alter the PRF? ✔️✔️depth



Interval of time from the beginning of one pulse to the beginning of the next.

** Includes pulse time & listening time **

Units: Seconds (s) ✔️✔️pulse repetition period



PRP increases because the system must listen longer for pulse to return from longer distance.
✔️✔️What happens to PRP when distance (depth) increases:



Interval of time from beginning to end of a pulse

Units: µs (microseconds) ✔️✔️pulse duration



0.5 → 3.0 µs

** NOT controlled by sonographer ✔️✔️What is the typical range for pulse duration in ultrasound?



Percent time that ultrasound is transmitting ✔️✔️duty factor

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