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COMM 114 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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COMM 114 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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COMM 114 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDEWITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Connotative meaning - ANSWER-implied or secondary meaning, in addition to its literal
meaning.
⋅ Denotative meaning - ANSWER-A words literal meaning or dictionary definition
○ Recognize popular, but fallacious "reasoning" (to encourage users to accept or
reject something): - ANSWER-■ Name Calling: applying a favorable or unfavorable
label
■ Testimonial: using a +/- viewed spokesperson
■ Bandwagon: everybody else is doing it
■ Weasel words: slippery/vague meaning
■ Euphemisms: making the negative appear positive
■ Jargon: specialized language of a professional class (specific words that
are tied to an industry)
■ Gobbledygook: overly complex language; overwhelming (complex
sentence structure)
10 CHANNELS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION (CHAPTER 6) - ANSWER-⋅
Facial displays are important for identity, attractiveness, and emotion
⋅ Eye behaviors include eye contact and pupil dilation
⋅ Movement and gestures include emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators and
adaptors
⋅ Touch behaviors include affectionate, caregiving, controlling, aggressive, and ritualistic
touch
⋅ Voices vary in pitch, inflection, volume, speaking rate, use of filler words,
pronunciation, articulation, silence, and accent
⋅ Smell is particularly important for memories and sexual attraction
⋅ People maintain four levels of space: intimate, personal, social, and public.
⋅ Physical appearance is important because we attribute positive qualities to
4 steps of emotional contagion: - ANSWER-1. Someone expresses an emotion
2. Psychological: you perceive that emotion
3. You (unconsciously) mimic this facial expression
4. You get feedback from expressing this and start to feel this emotion (facial feedback
hypothesis)
Adaptors satisfy some need: - ANSWER-○ Self-adaptor: satisfies physical need
○ Alter-adaptor: response to interaction
○ Object-adaptor: involves manipulation of some object
, allness - ANSWER-■ When we engage in allness we are saying "Oh, I've seen this
person drive, I know they're an idiot driver"
BECOMING A BETTER LISTENER (I.E., INFORMATIONAL, CRITICAL, AND
EMPATHIC) - ANSWER-⋅ Becoming a better informational listener means separating
what is and isn't said, avoiding the confirmation bias, and listening for substance.
⋅ Becoming a better critical listener means being skeptical, evaluating a speaker's
credibility, and understanding probability.
⋅ Becoming a better empathic listener means listening nonjudgmentally, acknowledging
feelings, and communicating support nonverbally.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION (CHAPTER 6) - ANSWER-⋅
Nonverbal communication comprises behaviors and characteristics that convey
meaning without the use of words.
⋅ It is present in most interpersonal conversations
⋅ It usually conveys more information than verbal communication
⋅ It is usually believed over verbal communication
⋅ It is the primary means of communicating emotion
⋅ It is meta-communicative
COMMON BARIERS TO EFFECTIVE LISTENENING (CHAPTER 7) - ANSWER-⋅
Noise: anything that distracts you from listening to what you wish to listen to
⋅ Pseudolistening: using feedback behaviors to give the false impression that you are
listening.
⋅ Selective attention: listening only to points that you want to hear and ignoring all other
points.
⋅ Information overload: state of being overwhelmed by the huge amount of information
you must take in everyday.
⋅ Glazing over: Daydreaming when you aren't speaking or listening during a
conversation.
⋅ Rebuttal tendency: Propensity to argue inwardly with a speaker and to formulate your
conclusions and responses prematurely.
⋅ Closed-mindedness: Refusal even to listen to ideas or positions with which you
disagree.
⋅ Competitive- interrupting: Interrupting others to gain control of the conversation.
Confirmation - ANSWER-The extent to which you acknowledge someone
■ To confirm someone is when you directly react/respond to their
message
■ Another way is to reinforce their opinion
■ Supporting someone, expression reassurance/understanding
■ You express positive feelings about someone's message
■ The more confirming messages we receive from someone the more
it enhances our self esteem
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