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BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions

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North Arizona University Tests 2024

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North Arizona University Tests 2024

BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions Matter - ANSWER-Anything that occupies space and has a mass Three Physical States of Matter - ANSWER-Solid, liquid, gas Element - ANSWER-Substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions Four elements that make up about ...

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bio 181 nau exam 1 study guide solutions

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Course North Arizona University Tests 2024

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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024

BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Study Guide

Solutions

Matter - ANSWER✔✔-Anything that occupies space and has a mass

Three Physical States of Matter - ANSWER✔✔-Solid, liquid, gas

Element - ANSWER✔✔-Substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical

reactions

Four elements that make up about 96% of the weight and most cells: - ANSWER✔✔-Oxygen, carbon,

hydrogen, nitrogen

Atoms - ANSWER✔✔-The smallest functional units of matter that form ALL chemical substances

Three subatomic particles - ANSWER✔✔-Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Protons - ANSWER✔✔-Positive charge, found in nucleus. Number of protons is what distinguishes one

element from another

Atomic number - ANSWER✔✔-How many protons are in an element

Mass number - ANSWER✔✔-sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus
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Isotopes - ANSWER✔✔-Forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons than protons. Ex;

Carbon 12 = 6 protons and 7 neutrons.

Gaining vs. Losing electrons - ANSWER✔✔-N+1 = Losing electron

N-1 = Gaining electron

Electrons = electronegative

Octet rule - ANSWER✔✔-Atoms are most stable when their outer shell is full. The outer shell has to be

filled with 8 electrons EXCEPT Hydrogen and Helium with just 2 electrons.

Valence Electrons - ANSWER✔✔-Electrons more likely to form bonds, taken away, or shared with other

atoms. Electrons in the outer shell

Compounds - ANSWER✔✔-Putting two elements together

Two types of chemical bonds - ANSWER✔✔-Ionic and covalent

Ionic Bonds - ANSWER✔✔-ELECTRON SWAP- formed between oppositely charged ions. Ex; NaCl

Ions (2 types) - ANSWER✔✔-Charged atoms

Cations: Have a net positive charge (+)

Anions: Have a net negative charge (-)

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Ionic - ANSWER✔✔-Something with a charge

Covalent Bond - ANSWER✔✔-Forms when two atoms SHARE one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons.

These bonds are the strongest of bonds.

Polar Molecules - ANSWER✔✔-An uneven distribution of charge Ex; H2O. Hydrogen are slightly positive,

oxygen is slightly negative.

Hydrogen Bond - ANSWER✔✔-A weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen and a partially

negative atom like Oxygen. Causes cohesion

Cohesion - ANSWER✔✔-The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together. Ex; sipping

through a straw. In order for the water to be sucked up and stuck together is cohesion

Heat - ANSWER✔✔-The amount of energy associated wit hteh movement of the atoms and molecules in

a body of matter

Temperature - ANSWER✔✔-Measures the intensity of heat

Evaporative Cooling - ANSWER✔✔-Occurs when a substance evaporates and the surface of the liquid

remaining behind cools down. Ex; sweating

Aqueous Solution - ANSWER✔✔-When water is the solvent

Hydrophilic - ANSWER✔✔-Likes and will dissolve in water

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