N205 - Final Exam - After Midterm Content Questions With
Complete Solutions
7 Warning Signs of Cancer Correct Answer CAUTION
-Change in the bowel or bladder habits
-A sore that does not heal
-Unusual bleeding or discharge
-Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
-Obvious change in wart or mole
-Nagging cough or hoarseness
acute vs chronic pain Correct Answer Acute- less than 6
months
Chronic- more than 6 months
Allodynia vs Hyperalgesia Correct Answer Allodynia: Pain
due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain
Hyperalgesia: Increased pain from a stimulus that normally
provokes pain
barium enema (BE) Correct Answer series of radiographic
images taken of the large intestine after the contrast agent
barium has been administered rectally (chalky white solution)
- The barium shows a clear view of the colon, including any
ulcers or abnormalities that might be there
Benign vs Malignant Tumors Correct Answer Benign: tumour
cells grow only locally and cannot spread by invasion or
metastasis
,Malignant: cells invade neighbouring tissues, entering blood
vessels, metastasise to different sites
Best Practices in Wound Management Correct Answer
Standard Precautions
- Hand Washing
- Gloves
- Mask, eye-protection
- Gown
Biological Cancer Therapies Correct Answer Use of biological
agents
- Agents alter biological response to tumour cells in 3 ways
- Stimulate the immune system to fight disease or infection
1. Direct anti-tumour effects
2. restore, augment or modulate host immune systems
mechanisms
3. Interfere with cancer cells ability to metastasise
Biological Processes of Cancer Correct Answer 1. Defects in
celluar proliferation
- cell division in cancer
2. Defects in ceullar differentiation
- Genes affected by mutation
- Proto-oncogenes: promote growth
- Tumour suppressor genes: suppress growth
Blood Studies Correct Answer 1. CBC
,- hemoglobin
- leukocyte
2. Electrolytes
3. serum protein levels
- Hypoalbuminemia (low protein levels)
Bone Marrow and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation Correct
Answer Goal is cure and remission
- Allogeneic (donor)
- Autologous (own)
Bone marrow transplants
- allows safe use of very high dose of chemotherapy or radiation
therapy
Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation
- Differs from BMT in stem cell collection method
- Peripheral stem cell collected by separator machine
- Fewer and less severe complications
- Less invasive method
Brachytherapy Correct Answer the use of radioactive materials
in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated
- Timing
- Distance
- Shield
Categorizing Pain Correct Answer Nociceptive vs. Neuorpathic
, Central Vs. Peripheral parenteral Nutrition Correct Answer
Differ in tonicity.
Central TPN is hypertonic - at least 1600 mOsm.
PPN is hypertonic too but less so (D10W) so can be given
through large peripheral vein.
(Note: standard IV D5W is isotonic - 280 mOsm)
Chemotherapy Correct Answer The use of drugs to treat
diseases such as cancer
- goal is to reduce the number of malignant cancer cells in tumor
site
Routes of Administration
- Oral
-IM
- SC
- IV
- Intracavitary
- Intratheceal
- Intra-arterial
-continuous infusion
Primary: expected to cure/control
Adjunct: complements other therapy
Palliative: slows tumour growth for pain control
Complete Solutions
7 Warning Signs of Cancer Correct Answer CAUTION
-Change in the bowel or bladder habits
-A sore that does not heal
-Unusual bleeding or discharge
-Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
-Obvious change in wart or mole
-Nagging cough or hoarseness
acute vs chronic pain Correct Answer Acute- less than 6
months
Chronic- more than 6 months
Allodynia vs Hyperalgesia Correct Answer Allodynia: Pain
due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain
Hyperalgesia: Increased pain from a stimulus that normally
provokes pain
barium enema (BE) Correct Answer series of radiographic
images taken of the large intestine after the contrast agent
barium has been administered rectally (chalky white solution)
- The barium shows a clear view of the colon, including any
ulcers or abnormalities that might be there
Benign vs Malignant Tumors Correct Answer Benign: tumour
cells grow only locally and cannot spread by invasion or
metastasis
,Malignant: cells invade neighbouring tissues, entering blood
vessels, metastasise to different sites
Best Practices in Wound Management Correct Answer
Standard Precautions
- Hand Washing
- Gloves
- Mask, eye-protection
- Gown
Biological Cancer Therapies Correct Answer Use of biological
agents
- Agents alter biological response to tumour cells in 3 ways
- Stimulate the immune system to fight disease or infection
1. Direct anti-tumour effects
2. restore, augment or modulate host immune systems
mechanisms
3. Interfere with cancer cells ability to metastasise
Biological Processes of Cancer Correct Answer 1. Defects in
celluar proliferation
- cell division in cancer
2. Defects in ceullar differentiation
- Genes affected by mutation
- Proto-oncogenes: promote growth
- Tumour suppressor genes: suppress growth
Blood Studies Correct Answer 1. CBC
,- hemoglobin
- leukocyte
2. Electrolytes
3. serum protein levels
- Hypoalbuminemia (low protein levels)
Bone Marrow and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation Correct
Answer Goal is cure and remission
- Allogeneic (donor)
- Autologous (own)
Bone marrow transplants
- allows safe use of very high dose of chemotherapy or radiation
therapy
Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation
- Differs from BMT in stem cell collection method
- Peripheral stem cell collected by separator machine
- Fewer and less severe complications
- Less invasive method
Brachytherapy Correct Answer the use of radioactive materials
in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated
- Timing
- Distance
- Shield
Categorizing Pain Correct Answer Nociceptive vs. Neuorpathic
, Central Vs. Peripheral parenteral Nutrition Correct Answer
Differ in tonicity.
Central TPN is hypertonic - at least 1600 mOsm.
PPN is hypertonic too but less so (D10W) so can be given
through large peripheral vein.
(Note: standard IV D5W is isotonic - 280 mOsm)
Chemotherapy Correct Answer The use of drugs to treat
diseases such as cancer
- goal is to reduce the number of malignant cancer cells in tumor
site
Routes of Administration
- Oral
-IM
- SC
- IV
- Intracavitary
- Intratheceal
- Intra-arterial
-continuous infusion
Primary: expected to cure/control
Adjunct: complements other therapy
Palliative: slows tumour growth for pain control
