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KIN 311: Midterm 2 || with Error-free Solutions.
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The idea that we get similar perceptions from a wide variation of observations as either the eye or retina will move to create same image. If eye moves it is us that is moving, if retina moves the object is moving correct answers What is Perceptual Constancy Inflow: Look at proprioceptive feedba...

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  • October 31, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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KIN 311: Midterm 2 || with Error-free Solutions.
The idea that we get similar perceptions from a wide variation of observations as either the eye
or retina will move to create same image. If eye moves it is us that is moving, if retina moves the
object is moving correct answers What is Perceptual Constancy

Inflow: Look at proprioceptive feedback from eye muscles, only get feedback if eye moves
Outflow: Brain uses motor command to predict what eye movement/visual change will be
correct answers What are two possibilities at how we look at differences between the world or us
moving

Motor command/output correct answers What is Efference

Inflow from sensory receptors correct answers What is Afference

Sensory info brought about due to your own movement correct answers What is Re-Afference

Sensory info from the external world
Can also happen when someone passively moves your limb correct answers What is Ex-
Afference

A copy of motor command correct answers What is an Efference Copy/Corollary Discharge

We generate an expectation of sensory feedback based off of efference copy that will be
produced as a result of movement
If feedback = prediction, must be reafferent
If it does not must be ex-afferent correct answers What is the Reafference Principle

Rotating it's head distorts actual feedback meaning it will never match prediction and will always
reflexively move even when it produces movement (Normally only reflexively moves in
response to ex-afference) correct answers In the fly study, what is happening when the fly's head
is rotated 180 degrees

Found that the kitten who actively moves to get visual input (reafference) develops normally
whereas one who passively gets visual input (ex-afference) does not
This suggests that experiencing sensory consequences of own self-produced actions is crucial for
visual-motor development correct answers In the kitten carousel study what is the main finding
in terms of the active vs passive kitten

Causes some sort of visual/optical displacement correct answers Vision through a prism causes
what

You see no change/adaptation correct answers In the prism study what happens with static
exposure between pre and post test

, You see slight adaptation correct answers In the prism study what happens with passive exposure
between pre and post test

See clear adaptation as you see movement becomes bias towards where prism displaces image
(Shows importance of active movement for adaptation) correct answers In the prism study what
happens with active exposure between pre and post test

Integration of both ex-afference and reafference
Association of visual and kinesthetic feedback with own active movements correct answers The
strongest adaptation to a visual shift requires what

Compares afference to predicted re-afference, the discrepancies in between the two feedbacks
are noted and sent as training signal to controller correct answers What does the comparator do

When you try to move a cursor using your hand to a target while being unable to see your hand.
Note: Sometimes cursor doesn't align with hand movement correct answers What is the visual
rotation paradigm

You still see adaptation when the cursor doesn't align with hand and an after effect of this.
This means they must still have an efference copy and means proprioception is not absolutely
required correct answers What happens when you perform the visual rotation paradigm with
someone who has no proprioception

No as then she would not have an efference copy correct answers If you passively move limb of
someone without proprioception would you still see adaptation in the visual rotation paradigm

We adapt and learn to go straight to the target by changing the motor command via feedback
from the training signal correct answers When arm is exposed to a "force field" how do we adapt
to hit a particular target

Yes, we then must adapt back to the original parameters correct answers In the "force field" task
do we see an after effect after it is taken away

Neural mechanisms that capture the forward or inverse relationships between actions and their
consequences correct answers What are Internal Models

Simulates behavior of body in response to motor commands and captures causal relationship
between actions and their consequence (Think of this as the Predictor) correct answers What is
the Forward Model

Based on movement that happens, predicts what motor command is needed, simulates behavior
of motor apparatus (Think of as the Controller) correct answers What is the Inverse Model

Dynamic Model: Predicts movement needed
Sensory Model: Predicts feedback + consequence of action correct answers The forward model
is split into what two parts

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