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Ophthalmology COA Exam Terms with Complete Solutions
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Ophthalmology COA Exam Terms with Complete SolutionsOphthalmology COA Exam Terms with Complete Solutionsabduction - ANSWER-the movement of the eye outward toward the temple. aberrometry - ANSWER-The measurement of optical aberrations of the visual system using a device called a wavefront ananlyz...

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  • October 31, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Ophthalmology COA Exam Terms with
Complete Solutions

abduction - ANSWER-the movement of the eye outward toward the temple.

aberrometry - ANSWER-The measurement of optical aberrations of the visual system
using a device called a wavefront ananlyzer or an aberrometer

abrasion - ANSWER-a scratch

abscess - ANSWER-a localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue.

absolute scotoma - ANSWER-a severe visual field defect in which the largest and
brightest stimulus cannot be seen; blindness at that specific location

accommodation - ANSWER-The change in the curvature of the crystalline lens that
helps to focus images of objects close to the eye

acidic burns - ANSWER-a chemical injury to tissue, caused by an agent of low pH

acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome AIDS - ANSWER-An infection with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes a compromised immune system

acute - ANSWER-Refers to a condition that flares up suddenly and persists for only a
short time.

add - ANSWER-The portion of the multifocal lens (usually the lower part) that provides
correction for near vision. also called segment or near add

adduction - ANSWER-The movement of the eye inward toward the nose

adenovirus - ANSWER-A family of viruses involved primarily in respiratory infections;
can cause hightly contagious forms of conjunctivitis

adnexa - ANSWER-The tissues and structures surrounding the eye; includes the orbit,
extraocular muscles, eyelids, and lacrimal apparatus

afferent pupillary defect APD - ANSWER-A pupil with normal iris function that fails to
constrict normally with direct light stimulation, but reacts strongly consensually, or when
the fellow eye is stimulated. Usually secondary to optic nerve disease.

,"against motion" - ANSWER-The retinoscopic reflex movement that is in the opposite
direction from the movement of the streak of light from the retinoscope; typical of the
myopic eye

age-related macular degeneration ARMD - ANSWER-A disease in which sensory cells
of the macula degenerate, resulting in a loss of central vision; usually affects older
people

alkali burn - ANSWER-A chemical injury to tissue, cased by an agent of high pH

allergic reaction - ANSWER-A condition in which the body produces antibodies to
foreign materials such as food, plant pollens, or medications

alternate cover test - ANSWER-A test performed by placing an occluder over one eye
and then moving it slowly over to the other eye to detect a tendency for the eyes to
deviate while under the occluder (such an ocular misalignment is know as a phoria)
Also called cross-cover test

altitudinal scotoma - ANSWER-The joining and enlargement of a nasal step visual field
defect and an arcuate scotoma to cause loss of the entire upper or lower visual field

amblyopia - ANSWER-Decreased vision present without apparent abnormalities in the
ocular anatomy and uncorrectable by spectacles or contact lenses; results from visual
deprivation in early childhood

ametropia - ANSWER-The refractive state of an eye that is unable to focus correctly
due to a refractive error

A-mode ultrasonography or A-Scan ultrasonography - ANSWER-A diagnostic procedure
in which sound waves traveling in a staight line are used to reveal the position of, and
distances between, structures with the eye and orbit. This techhnology helps to
determine the power selection of an intraocular lens

Amsler grid test - ANSWER-A test for determining the presence and location of defects
in the cenetral portion of the visual field.

anatomy - ANSWER-The structure of an organism

anesthetic - ANSWER-A drug that causes a temporary deadening of a nerve, resulting
in loss of feeling in the surrounding tissue

angiogenesis - ANSWER-The formation of new blood vessels

Angiography - ANSWER-A method of examining and recording size, structure, and
location of blood vessels in organ systems, using fluorescent dyes.

,anisocoria - ANSWER-a condition in which the pupils are of unequal size

anterior - ANSWER-The front part of a structure

anterior chamber angle - ANSWER-The junction of the cornea and the iris, from which
aqueous humor leaves the eye. Also called filtration angle.

aphakic correction - ANSWER-The use of a contact lens, eyeglasses, or an intraocular
lens to improve visual acuity in aphakic patients.

applanation - ANSWER-A form of tonometry in which the force required to flatten a
small area of the central

aqueous humor - ANSWER-The clear, transparent fluid that fills the anterior chamber

arc perimeter - ANSWER-An instrument used to test peripheral vision using bands of
half circles placed at various meridians

anterior chamber - ANSWER-The small compartment between the cornea and the iris
that is filled with a clear, transparent fluid called aqueous humor

anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - ANSWER-Insufficient blood flow to the optic
nerve head resulting in a lack of oxygen and subsequent infarction of (loss of) the nerve
fibers and loss of vision

anterior segment - ANSWER-The front of the eye; includes the structures between the
front surface of the cornea and the vitreous

anti-angiogenesis - ANSWER-A process or agent that prevents new blood vessel
growth

antibiotic - ANSWER-a drug that combats a bacterial infection

antibody - ANSWER-A chemical substance that the body manufactures to neutralize an
infecting micoorganism, toxin, or foreign agent.

antifungal - ANSWER-A drug that combats a fungal infection

antimetabolite - ANSWER-A substance that interferes with a metabolite necessary for
normal metabolic functions; often used to disrupt proliferation of cancersous or other
abnormal cells, antimetabolites may also be used to prevent normal re-growth in
circumstances where it is not desirable

antireflective AR - ANSWER-A treatment that reduces or eleminates reflections from the
surface of a lens

, antivascular endothelium growth factor (anti-VEGF) - ANSWER-A therapeutic drug used
in intravitreal injections that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It acts by
deminishing the stimulus for abnormal new vessel growth (angiogenesis), a known
cause of wet age-related macular degeneration

antiviral - ANSWER-A drug that combats a viral infection

apex - ANSWER-The top, as of a prism

aphakia - ANSWER-The absence of the crystalline lens, usually abecause of cataract
extraction

arcuate scotoma or Bjerrum scotoma - ANSWER-An arc-shaped area of reduced
sensitivity, or blindness, in the visual field. Also known as Bjerrum scotoma or comet
sotoma

blunt lacrimal cannula - ANSWER-An unsharpened needle used to pass into the tear
system puncta and canaliculus.

blunt trauma - ANSWER-Tissue damage caused by a nonpenetrating force.

Bowman's Membrane - ANSWER-The second corneal layer that lies under the
outermost epithelium and above the stroma; also known as the anterior limiting
membrane

Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) - ANSWER-Obstruction of blood flow in a
tributary vessel of the central retinal artery.

arcus or arcus senilis - ANSWER-A common degenerative change in which the outer
edge of the cornea gradually becomes opaque, generally in both eyes; usually affects
people over the age of 50.

aseptic technique - ANSWER-A range of procedures used in medical environments to
prevent the spread of infectious microbes

astigmatic keratotomy (AK) - ANSWER-A surgical technique to correct astigmatism that
employs transverse or arcuate incisions perpendicular to the steepest meridian of the
cornea

astigmatism - ANSWER-The refractive error of an eye whose corneal surface curvature
is greater in one meridian than the other; both distant and near objects appear blurred
and distorted

asymtomatic - ANSWER-without symptoms of disease

atrophic - ANSWER-loss of tissue or cellular density

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