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PHAR100 MIDTERM Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Rated A+

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PHAR 100

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PHAR 100

PHAR100 MIDTERM Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Rated A+ What is a drug? - any substance received by the body for nonnutritional purposes that influences biological function What is pharmacology? - study of drugs, their uses, effects, and methods of action What was the influence of An...

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Uploaded on November 1, 2024
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Institution PHAR 100
Course PHAR 100

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PHAR100 MIDTERM Exam Questions

and Answers 100% Solved | Rated A+

What is a drug? - ✔✔any substance received by the body for non-

nutritional purposes that influences biological function

What is pharmacology? - ✔✔study of drugs, their uses, effects, and

methods of action

What was the influence of Ancient China on pharmacology? - ✔✔-

experiements in 2700 BC

-emperor Shen Nung classified drugs by taste

-Ma Huang was used for cough, flu, fever

How is Ma Huang relevant today? - ✔✔-ephedrine was isolated from it,

which is used to treat asthma

-a derivative of ephedrine is used as a decongestant

What was the influence of Ancient Egypt on pharmacology? - ✔✔-Ebers

Papyrus from 1550 BC intended to be a medical textbook

-contains lots of true information, especially on purgatives (cause bowel

movements)

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
-Senna recommended for use (still in products today)

What was the influence of Ancient Greece on pharmacology? - ✔✔-380 BC

Theophrastus (a pupil of Aristotle) wrote a therapeutics textbook that

involved opium

What did Serturner do? - ✔✔-isolated morphine crystals, tested them on

himself, found pain relieving properties

-coined name "morphine" from Morpheus, God of Dreams

What is the influence of religion on drug use? Give an example. - ✔✔-some

drugs are used to alter the state of consciousness and communicate with

gods

-ex. Peyote cactus in Mexico (effects similar to LSD)

What are two examples of poisons that have resulted in drugs? - ✔✔1)

Curare

2) Ergot

What is Curare used for as a poison and as a drug? - ✔✔Poison:

Indigenous people of the Amazon dipped arrows in it (it acts on voluntary

muscles; causes paralysis and death)

Drug: used for anesthesia because it relaxes muscles, structure has been

modified to make it safer

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
What is Ergot used for as a poison and as a drug? - ✔✔Poison: grew on

head of rye and ended out in bread, causing mass epidemics of

hallucinations, loss of limbs (due to low blood flow), and violent uterine

contractions

Drug: two active principles- ergotamine and ergovine

What does ergotamine do? - ✔✔useful in treating migraines; thought to

constrict blood vessels and lessen pulsations in arterial blood vessels that

cause migraines

What are examples of drugs that act on the brain? - ✔✔reserpine,

chlorpromazine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), anaesthetics (nitrous

oxide, ether)

What does ergonovine do? - ✔✔used to hasten birth but was stopped due

to possible injury of the mother from rapid delivery; still used to stop uterine

bleeding after childbirth

What are reserpine and chlorpromazine and what are they used for? - ✔✔-

extracts of the rauwolfia plant

-used to calm mentally ill patients (from anxious/tense/hostile to

placid/tranquil)

, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
-social benefit because patients were able to return to their families and

work

What is lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and why is it important? - ✔✔-

synthesized by Albert Hofmann

-similar in chemical structure to ergotamine and ergonovine

-discovery of psychedelic effects supported the idea that some mental

illnesses were due to potent substances in the brain

What is nitrous oxide and how was it first used? - ✔✔-anaesthetic that

lessens pain perception

-discovered in the 1840s by Wells, a dentist who watched a performance

where a guy took laughing gas, got in a fight, and didn't notice he gashed

his leg

-Wells tried it in dental procedures

What is ether and how was it first used? - ✔✔-1818 Faraday pointed out its

properties similar to nitrous oxide

-Morton was interested in anaesthesia and practiced with ether on himself

and animals

-he asked the professor of surgery to try it and they did

-first operation under ether was at the Massachusetts General Hospital

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