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NSCI 320 Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
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NSCI 320 Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2024/2025 Galen - ANSWERS- Roman physician from 150-190 CE - demonstrated how brain/nerves were linked to behavior - found out how vocal cords worked in an experiment with a pig by accident - observed how damage to spinal cord resulted in paralysis below ...

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  • November 1, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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NSCI 320 Exam 1 Questions & Answers
2024/2025

Galen - ANSWERS- Roman physician from 150-190 CE

- demonstrated how brain/nerves were linked to behavior

- found out how vocal cords worked in an experiment with a pig by accident

- observed how damage to spinal cord resulted in paralysis below level of cut

- cutting high up on spinal cord, to brain stem, would kill the animal

- how our limbs are controlled by different outputs along the spine



spinal cord - ANSWERS- a major part of the CNS

- conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain

- cuts to this can have effects on performance



brainstem - ANSWERS- oldest part and central core of the brain

- begins where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull

- responsible for automatic survival functions



Flourens - ANSWERS-early 1800s Enlightenment scientist

- removed parts of animal's brains (lesions) to observe how different areas relate to behavior

- removal of a specific region caused various behavioral problems (unable to coordinate their muscles,
control their breathing, perform certain cognitive functions)

- learned that the mind is in the brain and not the heart

- how the brain keeps us alive



cerebellum - ANSWERS- "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem

- process sensory input

- controls fine motor movements and balance

,- affects expected feeling versus unexpected feeling

- damage = lost coordination, slurred speech, difficult eye movements

- metencephalon



neurons - ANSWERS- nerve cells

- input/output operators in brain

- basic building block of nervous system

- negatively charged



glia - ANSWERS- cells that support, nurture, and insulate neurons by fostering communication, keeping
neurons healthy, cleaning up messes

- remove debris when neurons die

- enhance the formation and maintenance of neural connections

- modify neuronal functioning



dendrites - ANSWERS- branchlike parts of a neuron that receive information and conduct impulses
toward the cell body



cell body or soma - ANSWERS- the part of a neuron that coordinates information-processing tasks and
keeps the cell alive

- main part of cell



gray matter - ANSWERS- contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals,
and neuroglia

- dense cell bodies make it look darker



axon - ANSWERS- long neuron extension

- passes electrochemical signals to other neurons or to muscles or to glands



white matter - ANSWERS- contains myelinated axons

, - whitish nervous tissue



myelin sheath - ANSWERS- created by glia cells, fatty coating

- insulates the axon of some neurons

- increases the speed of neural impulses



axon terminals - ANSWERS- branches at end of axon

- contains synaptic vesicles

- connects and communicates with dendrites of other cells



synaptic cleft - ANSWERS- gap between axon terminal (presynaptic neuron) and dendrites (postsynaptic
neuron)

- where neurotransmitters are released



neurotransmitters - ANSWERS- chemical messengers that cross the synaptic cleft between neurons

- change the voltage of postsynaptic neuron, making it more or less likely to fire its own action potential



action potential - ANSWERS- a brief neural impulse or electrochemical signal that travels down the axon

- caused by increase in voltage by neurotransmitters

- all or none response

- RMP is -70 mV, then an EPSP, the neuron is stimulate, reaches threshold at -65mV and potassium
begins to leave (depolarization) sodium enters , at +35 mV sodium channels close and potassium
continues to leave, sodium potassium pump rests the balance ( after it hits hyperpolarization at -90 mV)



gyri, gyrus - ANSWERS- mountain of folds of tissue in cortex, covering the surface of the cerebrum



sulci, sulcus - ANSWERS- valleys of folds of tissue in cortex

- shallow grooves separating the folds of tissue on the surface of the cerebrum



reptile brain (in humans) - ANSWERS- deep brain

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