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PSY 304 Test 1 Study Guide Solutions

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PSY 304 Test 1 Study Guide Solutions Automatic thinking is ________ while controlled thinking is ________. - ANSWER-involuntary; voluntary Recall that Shelley Taylor and Susan Fiske (1975) conducted a clever experiment in which a group of participants observed a scripted conversation between tw...

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PSY 304 Test 1 Study Guide Solutions

Automatic thinking is ________ while controlled thinking is ________. - ANSWER✔✔-involuntary;

voluntary

Recall that Shelley Taylor and Susan Fiske (1975) conducted a clever experiment in which a group of

participants observed a scripted conversation between two male confederates. Some could see both of

the men; others could see the face of only one or the other man. When asked questions about the two

confederates (e.g., who had taken the lead in the conversation), participants who had a clear view of

both men thought they were equally influential, whereas those who faced one or the other thought that

the man whose face they saw was more influential. These results demonstrated that: - ANSWER✔✔-the

salience of perceptual stimuli can explain how the fundamental attribution error occurs.

One of Kurt Lewin's boldest intellectual contributions to social psychology was: - ANSWER✔✔-applying

Gestalt principles to social perception.

Social psychologists have identified two motives that are of primary importance in explaining our

thoughts and behaviors. According to your textbook authors, these are the need to _____ and the need

to _____ - ANSWER✔✔-be as accurate as possible; feel good about ourselves.

Isabella goes to a fortune teller who tells her, "You are the type of person who is very outgoing and

sociable, yet at times you enjoy being alone." Isabella thinks this captures her personality amazingly well,

because she finds many instances in her memories of such behaviors. Isabella has just fallen prey to the -

ANSWER✔✔-Barnum effect

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, Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024

Larry is a physician and is convinced that his patient, Mr. Mraz, has cancer. However, after several

diagnostic tests and a biopsy that came back negative, Larry rethinks his original diagnosis. He admits

that he was wrong and does more research to find the correct diagnosis. In this case, which basic motive

did Larry give into? - ANSWER✔✔-the need for accuracy

Because the knowledge that we are mortal and that bad things can happen to us is very difficult to

accept, we often make _____ attributions. - ANSWER✔✔-defensive

Your friend Liz believes that if you work hard and treat other people well, things in your life will work out

better. Liz seems to have - ANSWER✔✔-a belief in a just world

Belief in a just world is best characterized as a form of - ANSWER✔✔-defensive attribution

When people make internal attributions for their successes and external attributions for their failures in

order to protect their self-esteem, they are making - ANSWER✔✔-self-serving attributions

Our use of mental shortcuts - ANSWER✔✔-usually leads to good decisions in a reasonable amount of

time.

Althea doesn't talk much on her first date with Sean. Sean assumes that's because she's shy. She's not at

all shy. Althea is quiet because she's recently had a root canal, and it still hurts to move her mouth. This

example best illustrates that differential _____ can be a source of actor-observer differences in

attributions. - ANSWER✔✔-availability of information

When Frederic Bartlett (1932) interviewed both a Scotsman and a Bantu herdsman about the particulars

of a cattle transaction, the Scot _____,whereas the Bantu herdsman _____ - ANSWER✔✔-consulted his

notes; recalled details from memory.

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