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GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM (CHAPTERS 1-4) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM (CHAPTERS 1-4) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM(CHAPTERS 1-4) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What is psychology? - Answer-The scientific study of human behavior and the study of
brain function
Why is the study of psychology important? - Answer-People are bias and we should
learn why we do the things we do
Why do we need a formal academic discipline to study psychology? - Answer-Everyone
has a bias, and they make unsystematic, informal strategies for observation
Psychological science vs. folk wisdom, personal observations and common sense -
Answer-People get their knowledge from folk wisdom, which is word-of-mouth
transmission of information. People contradict their logic if they try to use common
sense (Ex. A couple moving away)
How is psychology defined? - Answer-Psychology is about understanding all the things
we do
Psychology's History: Early & Modern - Answer-Early:
- Psychology became the scientific study of conscious experience
- To explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious
determinants of behavior
Modern:
- Psychologists have shown a renewed interest in consciousness (now called
"cognition") and the physiological bases of behavior
Recent interest in cognition & physiology, cultural diversity, evolution, and positive
psychology - Answer-Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring
knowledge; cognition involves thinking
Advances in communication, travel, and international trade have "shrunk" the world and
increased global interdependence, bringing more and more Americans and Europeans
into contact with people from non-Western cultures
Evolutionary psychology examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value
for members of a species over the course of many generations
Positive psychology uses theory and research to better understand the positive,
adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence
, What are some of the major areas of study in psychology (research)? - Answer--
Developmental psychology
~ Looks at human development across the lifespan
- Social Psychology
~ Focuses on interpersonal behavior and the role of social forces in governing behavior
- Educational psychology
~ Studies how people learn and the best ways to teach them
- Health psychology
~ Focuses on how psychological factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of
physical health and the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness
- Physiological psychology
~ Examines the influence of genetic factors on behavior and the role of the brain,
nervous system, endocrine system, and bodily chemicals in the regulation of behavior
- Experimental psychology
~Encompasses the traditional core of topics that psychology focused on heavily in its
first half-century as a science: sensation, perception, learning, conditioning, motivation,
and emotion
- Cognitive psychology
~ Focuses on "higher" mental processes, such as memory, reasoning, information
processing, language, problem solving, decision making, and creativity
- Psychometrics
~ Concerned with the measurement of behavior and capacities, usually through the
development of psychological tests
- Personality
~ Interested in describing and understanding individuals' consistency in behavior, which
represents their personality
What are some of the specialty areas in the professional practice of psychology? -
Answer-- Clinical psychology
~ Concerned with the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with
psychological disorders, as well as treatment of less severe behavioral and emotional
problems
- Counseling psychology
~ Counseling psychology overlaps with clinical psychology in that specialists in both
areas engage in similar activities - interviewing, testing, and providing therapy. They
often specialize in family, marital, or career counseling
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