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JCCC Soc 122 EXAM 3 Questions with Complete Answers
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JCCC Soc 122 EXAM 3 Questions withComplete Answers
Groups - Answer-min 2 members- voluntary and involuntary
Involuntary Groups - Answer-ex. sex, race, social class
Voluntary Groups - Answer-ex. organization, membership, profession
Types of Groups - Answer-a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Category
d) Formal Organization
Primary Group - Answer-2+ who tend to interact frequently, likely long-term, members
have sense of identity or belonging Ex. family, best friends, military unit
Secondary Group - Answer-2+ who form in order to meet a task or goal, generally once
that goal is completed the group may disassemble, tend to be shorter duration
compared to primary groups- ex. employees, classmates
Category Group - Answer-2+ who share the same or similar traits or characteristics but
may never actually meet Ex. all blonde women, all Catholics, all middle class, all
mothers, ect...
d) Formal Organizations - Answer-Always secondary group-> designed for a special
purpose and structured for maximum efficiency- Ex. McDonald's
Symbolic Interactionism - Answer-how interactionism amongst group members in
determined by the social construction of reality of def. of situation ex. social roles-
mother/daughter
Social Roles - Answer-Expected sets of behaviors consistent w/ a status Contends that
self-identity originates in the ability for role-taking -- George Herbert Mead-
Statuses - Answer-social positions w/in a large group or society-as individuals grow and
develop, they attain. Can hold mult. statuses- What can occur is role conflict
Role conflict - Answer-demands on mult. roles simultaneously -forces prioritization- Ex.
Mother/student/employee
Role Strain - Answer-mult. demands on one role ex. student mult. classes
Categories of Status - Answer-a) Ascribed
, b) Achieved
Ascribed Status - Answer-assigned, involontarly, generally characteristics that are
biological- sex, race, social class, ect...
Achieved Status - Answer-based upon effort, opportunity, ect...
Master Status - Answer-Overrides all others-dominates. Determines a person's general
position w/in society- will change dependent on def. of "situation" ex. doctor @work,
father @home
ex. Arthur Ashe-tennis player died of AIDS-outweighed his athlete author and political
activist
Ingroup - Answer-those that individuals belong in which commanility is high and have a
sense of identity to a group, it's goal, mission, interests, ect... Micro AND Macro Ex. KC
Chiefs @micro and US vs another country @macro
Outgroup - Answer-Those that ingroup members view as in opposition to behaviors,
values, physical traits, views, ect...
Attribution Theory: - Answer-When a member of the outgroup commits outlandish act is
often perceived as "natural" inherent behavior-"just how they are"--When member of
ingroup commits same act it is viewed as situational/justified
Reference Groups - Answer-root word- "refer"- does not need to be active member in
order to belong to reference group. when individual utilizes group standard when eval.
themselves. Ex. highschool student patterns behaviors and preferences to join hip hop
group circle
Social Networks - Answer-a web of Rel. that are linked together- 6 degrees of
separation-globally
Structure of Society - Answer-Mechanical and Organic Solidarity Emile durkheim
Mechanical Solidarity - Answer-Everyone does same jobs for themselves--more obvious
in pre industrial or agriculturally dependent society- Emile durkheim
Industrialized/Organic Solidarity - Answer-forced dependency on strangers based on
division of labor Ex. how I got my glass of milk Emile Durkheim- organs of the human
body
Formal Organization - Answer-2ndary groups that are highly structured (have not
always existed) they are a product of the industrial revolution
*Max Weber* 1st sociologist to study this-He contended that the ideal formal
organization was a bureaucracy
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