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Chapter 27: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Final Exam Study Test.
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Chapter 27: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Final Exam Study Test. Water makes up 99 percent of fluid volume outside of cells, ____ - CORRECT ANSWER Extracellular fluid (ECF) Water is an essential ingredient of cytosol inside cells, ____ - CORRECT ANSWER Intracellular fluid (ICF) ...

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  • November 6, 2024
  • 21
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • eecf
  • chapter 27 fluid electrolyte and acid base bala

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Chapter 27: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-
Base Balance Final Exam Study Test.
Water makes up 99 percent of fluid volume outside of cells, ____ - CORRECT ANSWER Extracellular fluid
(ECF)



Water is an essential ingredient of cytosol inside cells, ____ - CORRECT ANSWER Intracellular fluid (ICF)



All cellular operations rely on water, as diffusion medium for ____,____&____ - CORRECT ANSWER
gases, nutrients, and wastes



In the body, volumes, solute concentrations, and pH of ECF and ICF are regulated and stabilized by what
three interrelated processes? - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid balance, electrolyte balance and acid-base
balance



o ______ is the daily balance between

- Amount of water gained

- Amount of water lost to environment

· Involves regulating content and distribution of body water in ECF and ICF

· Digestive system is the primary source of water gains

· Urinary system is the primary route of water loss - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid balance



___ are ions released through dissociation of inorganic compounds - CORRECT ANSWER Electrolytes



____ - when gains & losses for electrolytes are in balance

· Primarily involves balancing rates of absorption across digestive tract with rates of loss at kidneys -
CORRECT ANSWER Electrolyte balance



_______,

o Precisely balances production and loss of hydrogen ions (H+)

,o Body generates acids during normal metabolism a reduces pH

o Kidneys

· Secrete H+ into urine

· Generate buffers that enter bloodstream

o Lungs affect pH through elimination of carbon dioxide - CORRECT ANSWER Acid-base balance



Solid (non-fluid) components of the body:

o 40% of male / 50% in females

· ____ 22%, ___ 14%, ___ 5%, ___ 4%, Miscellaneous <1% - CORRECT ANSWER Proteins, Lipids, Minerals,
Carbohydrates



____ has more water content than ECF - CORRECT ANSWER ICF



Water accounts for roughly

· ___ percent of adult male body weight (b/c more muscle)

· ___ percent of adult female body weight (b/c more adipose) - CORRECT ANSWER 60, 50



____ - the cytosol inside cells - CORRECT ANSWER Intracellular fluid (ICF)



_____,

· Major components:

- Interstitial fluid of peripheral tissues

- Plasma of circulating blood

· Minor components

- Lymph, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), synovial fluid, serous fluids (pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal),
aqueous humor, perilymph, endolymph - CORRECT ANSWER Extracellular fluid (ECF)



o ECF and ICF are called fluid compartments because they "behave" differently and maintain different
ionic compositions

· _____

, - Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions

· ____

- Potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions

- Negatively charged proteins - CORRECT ANSWER ECF, ICF



o Osmotic concentrations of ICF and ECF are identical because plasma membranes are freely permeable
to _____

· Osmosis eliminates minor osmotic differences - CORRECT ANSWER water



Solute exchanges between the ECF and the ICF

o The plasma membrane is ____ freely permeable to most solutes

o Ion exchange between ICF and ECF occurs across ________ plasma membranes by

· Osmosis

· Diffusion

· Carrier-mediated transport (active and passive)

o Within the ECF, solutes may move from

· Across endothelial lining of capillaries

· Interstitial spaces a lymph a plasma - CORRECT ANSWER not, selectively permeable



All homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust body fluid composition respond to changes in
____, not ___

· This is because the body doesn't have the ability to monitor and regulate the interior of trillions of cells
- CORRECT ANSWER ECF, ICF



No receptors directly monitor fluid or electrolyte balance

· Only blood volume and osmotic concentrations are monitored

- ____ monitor blood volume indirectly through blood pressure

- ____ in the hypothalamus monitor the concentration of solutes in the blood - CORRECT ANSWER
Baroreceptors, Osmoreceptors

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