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Unit 4 Electrolytes Practice Exam Questions & Answers.
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Unit 4 Electrolytes Practice Exam Questions & Answers. Which statement describes how sodium levels affect water balance in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER High sodium levels in the ECF pull water out of the cell. [If there are higher levels of sodium in the ECF, water will exit the cell to balance t...

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  • November 6, 2024
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Unit 4 Electrolytes Practice Exam
Questions & Answers.
Which statement describes how sodium levels affect water balance in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER
High sodium levels in the ECF pull water out of the cell.

[If there are higher levels of sodium in the ECF, water will exit the cell to balance the amount of sodium
in the ECF.]



Which statements describe the effect that calcium has on skeletal and cardiac muscles?



Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER Low calcium levels cause neuromuscular excitability, leading to
muscle twitching.

[Hypocalcemia (low serum calcium) increases neuromuscular excitability, causing skeletal muscle
twitching, cramping, and carpopedal spasms.]



Low calcium levels cause a decrease in myocardial contractility and weakened cardiac contractions.

[Hypocalcemia (low serum calcium) decreases myocardial contractility, which leads to weakened cardiac
contractions and dysrhythmias.]



High calcium levels decrease neuromuscular function, leading to lethargy, weakness, and cardiac
disturbances.

[Hypercalcemia (high serum calcium) decreases neuromuscular function, resulting in lethargy, fatigue,
weakness, and cardiac disturbances.]



Which statement reflects the role chloride plays in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Chloride is the major
anion in the ECF.

[Chloride is the major anion in the extracellular fluid, as well as the most abundant mineral in the body.]



Which situation could result in hypochloremia?



Select all that apply. - CORRECT ANSWER Vomiting

, [The early stages of vomiting can lead to decreased levels of chloride, as the loss of stomach contents
leads to the loss of hydrochloric acid and alkalosis. Low serum chloride leads to high serum bicarbonate,
or alkalosis.]



Diuretic therapy

[Diuretic therapy causes the body to excrete water. Sodium follows water, and chloride is attached to
sodium due to their opposite electrical charges. Therefore, if sodium is excreted, so is chloride.]



Excessive sweating

[Excessive sweating (fever/extreme physical activity) leads to a loss of sodium chloride from the body,
which results in hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and dehydration.]



Which statement is true about the sodium-potassium pump? - CORRECT ANSWER It maintains the
equilibrium between the intracellular and extracellular fluid.

[As sodium enters the ICF, potassium moves out of the cell. The active transport system pushes sodium
back out of the cell, which then pushes potassium back into the cell - maintaining the balance of
electrical charges.]



Which statement reflects the relationship of magnesium to other electrolytes? - CORRECT ANSWER
Serum levels of magnesium are related to serum levels of potassium and calcium.

[Serum levels of magnesium are very closely related to serum levels of potassium and calcium. As
potassium and calcium levels increase or decrease, magnesium levels do the same.]



A person presents with severe burns. The ECG shows extreme dysrhythmias. Which electrolyte
imbalance could be a cause of the rhythm disturbance? - CORRECT ANSWER Hyperkalemia

[In burns, potassium leaves the ICF and enters the ECF where elevated levels can cause muscle weakness
and fatal cardiac dysrhythmias.]



A person presents in end stage renal disease, complaining of being extremely tired and weak. Which
electrolyte imbalance could be a cause of the weakness? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypermagnesemia

[Hypermagnesemia is associated with renal failure and results in the depression of neuromuscular
function (decreased reflexes, lethargy) and cardiac muscle function.]

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