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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM #1 QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
Goals Of Psychology - Answer-Conducting research to describe, explain, predict, and
control behavior. These goals form the basis of the psychological enterprise.
Psychology - Answer-The scientific study of the behavior of individuals and their mental
processes.
Empiricism - Answer-people begin life with a blank slate. psychological theory asserting
that knowledge comes only or primarily via the flexibility of sensory experience. John
Locke and Aristotle.
John Watson - Answer-pioneer of the behaviorist perspective of psychology
Behaviorism - Answer-a scientific approach that limits the study of psychology to
measurable or observable behavior.
Psychoanalysis - Answer-theory asserting that human behavior and thinking are largely
determined by irrational, unconscious drives.
Sigmund Freud - Answer-psychologists who developed the psychodynamic perspective.
His model was the first to recognize that human nature is not always rational and that
actions may be driven by motives that are not in conscious awareness.
Behavioral approach - Answer-psychological perspective primarily concerned with
observable behavior that can be objectively recorded and with the relationships of
observable behavior to environmental stimuli.
Cognitive approach - Answer-perspective that stresses human thought and the
processes of knowing, such as attending, thinking, remembering, expecting, solving
problems, fantasizing, and consciousness.
Psychodynamic approach - Answer-model in which behavior is explained in terms of
past experiences and motivational forces; actions stem from inherited instincts,
biological drives, and attempts to resolve conflicts between personal needs and social
requirements.
Developmental psychology - Answer-also known as human development, is the
scientific study of systematic psychological changes, emotional changes, and
perception changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life span.
, Clinical psychology - Answer-34% of psychology PhD's are applied in this subfield; a
branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological
disorders
Cognitive psychology - Answer-a subdiscipline of psychology exploring internal mental
processes. It is the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve
problems.
School Psychology - Answer-28% of psychologists work within this setting; devoted to
counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or
emotional problems
Counseling Psychology - Answer-a branch of psychology that assists people with
problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater
well-being
Industrial/organizational psychology - Answer-The application of psychological concepts
and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Wilhelm Wundt - Answer-structuralism; in 1879 founded first psychology laboratory in
world at University of Leipzig; introspection, basic units of experience
B.F. Skinner - Answer-behaviorism; pioneer in operant conditioning; behavior is based
on an organism's reinforcement history; worked with pigeons
Functionalism - Answer-the perspective on mind and behavior that focuses on the
examination of their functions in an organism's interactions with the environment.
Noam Chomsky - Answer-cognitive psychology; disagreed with Skinner about language
acquisition, stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language, humans have an
inborn native ability to develop language
Structuralism - Answer-study of the structure of the mind and behavior; the view that all
human mental experience can be understood as a combination of simply elements or
events.
Max Wertheimer - Answer-a gestalt psychologist who argued against dividing human
thought and behavior into discrete structures
Gestalt psychology - Answer-the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to
organize perceptions into meaningful wholes
Carl Rogers - Answer-1902-1987; Field: humanistic; Contributions: founded person-
centered therapy, theory that emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their
freedom and potential for personal growth, unconditional positive regard, fully
functioning person
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