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Glycolysis and its Regulation Questions with Correct Answers
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Glycolysis and its Regulation Questions with Correct Answer1.What is glycolysis?: Glycolysis is the process of glucose oxidation
with the formation of energy in the form of ATP molecules with or
without oxygen.
2.What is one of the principal pathways for generating ATP in cells?:
Glycoly- sis.
3.Is glycolysis present in all cell types?: Yes, glycolysis is present in all cell
types.
4.Where does glycolysis occur within the cell?: All steps of glycolysis
are located in the cytoplasm.
5.What are the products of glycolysis?: ATP, NADH, and pyruvate.
6.In what types of cells does glycolysis occur?: Glycolysis occurs in all
living cells.
7.What are the two types of glycolysis?: Aerobic and anaerobic.
8.Where does aerobic glycolysis occur?: In cells with mitochondria and
oxygen (O‚) (pyruvate is transported into mitochodria, completely
oxidized to CO2 and H2O).
9.What are the products of aerobic glycolysis?: Pyruvate, NADH, and ATP.
10.Where does anaerobic glycolysis occur?: In cells with limited blood
supply or no mitochondria (pyruvate is reduced to lactate in the
cytosol).
11.What are the products of anaerobic glycolysis?: Lactate and ATP.
12.In which cells is anaerobic glycolysis important?: Red blood cells (no
mi- tochondria), contracting muscles (limited blood supply), cornea
and lens (limited blood supply, few mitochondria), white muscle, renal
medulla, leucocytes (limited mitochondria), Cancer cells often have
limited blood supply.
13.Where is pyruvate reduced to lactate in the cytosol?: In anaerobic cell
with limited blood supply or no mitochodria
14.In aerobic cell with mitochondria and O2, how is pyruvate transported
into mitochondria?: It is transported into mitochondria completely
oxidized to CO2 and H2O
15.What are the two sources of ATP in glycolysis?: Anaerobic and aerobic.
16.What type of pathway is glycolysis in terms of catabolism?: Glycolysis is
a catabolic pathway where all carbohydrates are converted to glucose
or intermedi- ates of glycolysis.
17.What type of pathway is glycolysis in terms of anabolism?: Glycolysis is
an anabolic pathway that provides biosynthetic precursors.
,18.What biosynthetic precursors does glycolysis provide in terms of an-
abolism for biosynthesis?: fatty acid biosynthesis, synthesis of amino
acids, and synthesis of nucleotides
19.How many steps are there in glycolysis?: Glycolysis has 10 steps.
20.What happens to 1 mol of glucose (C6) during glycolysis?: It is cleaved
into 2 mol of pyruvate (C3).
, 21.What are the two phases of glycolysis?: Preparative phase and ATP-
gener- ating phase.
22.What happens during the preparative phase of glycolysis?: 2 ATP
mole- cules are cleaved.
23.What happens during the ATP-generating phase of glycolysis?: 4 ATP,
2 pyruvate, and 2 NADH (from the reduction of 2 NADz) are produced.
24.What happens in Step 1 of the preparative phase of glycolysis?:
Glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate.
25.Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-
phos- phate?: Hexokinases catalyze the reaction.
26.How many tissue-specific isoenzymes of hexokinase exist?: There are
4 tissue-specific isoenzymes of hexokinase.
27.Which isozyme of hexokinase is found in hepatocytes and pancreatic
²-cells?: The Type IV isozyme, glucokinase.
28.How many ATP molecules are utilized in Step 1 of glycolysis?: 1
ATP molecule is utilized.
29.Is the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate reversible or
irre- versible?: The reaction is irreversible due to its high negative
”G0.
30.What is Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)?: G6P is the active form of
glucose that can enter many biochemical pathways.
31.Can Glucose 6-phosphate be transported back across the plasma
mem- brane?: No, G6P is trapped inside the cells.
32.What are the biochemical pathways that Glucose 6-phosphate can enter?
: Glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, and
glycosaminogly- cans synthesis.
33.Where is glucokinase found?: Glucokinase is found in the liver and
pancreas.
34.What is the substrate specificity of glucokinase?: Glucokinase is
specific to glucose.
35.What is the Km of glucokinase and what does it indicate?: Glucokinase
has a high Km (10mM), indicating low affinity for glucose.
36.Why does glucokinase require higher glucose concentration to start
gly- colysis?: Higher glucose concentration (as in the fed state) is
needed to activate glucokinase due to its low affinity.
37.What is the Vmax of glucokinase and what does it indicate?:
Glucokinase has a high Vmax, meaning the reaction is fast.
38.Where is hexokinase found?: Hexokinase is found in most tissues.
39.What is the substrate specificity of hexokinase?: Hexokinase is
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