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Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Editi
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TEST BANK For Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh | Complete Verified Chapters | TEST BANK For Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh | Complete Verified Chapters |

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  • November 7, 2024
  • 274
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • 9780323793094
  • respiratory care
  • neonatal and pediatric respiratory care 6th editi
  • neonatal and pediatric respiratory care 6th editi
  • pediatric respiratory care 6th edition

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  • TEST BANK FOR Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care. by Brian K. Walsh 6th Edition All Chapters| 100% Verified Answers| 2024/2025|978-0323793094
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  • TEST BANK For Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh, All Chapters 1 - 42, Complete Newest Version
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Test Bank for Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory
Care, 6th Edition
by Brian K. Walsh

,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE es




1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
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of a capillary network around airway passages?
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a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D es



The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 wee
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ks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascularchan
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nels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air passag
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es. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of gesta
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tion, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, e
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nding with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes place fr
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om weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs thatlater become
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alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential
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gas-
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveol
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ar stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term.This
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stage is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
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REF: pp. 3-5 e s esese s




2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that wil
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lbe present in the lungs for life develop?
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a. 6 months es



b. 1 year es



c. 1.5 years es



d. 2 years es




ANS: C es



Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
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At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 yearso
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f age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli
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continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
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REF: p. 6 es es




3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to trache
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alstenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
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a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A es

, The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in d
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evelopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or steno
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sis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by anabnor
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mally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop d
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uring the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prema
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turely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airw
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ays, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, giv
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es rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
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REF: p. 6 esese s es




4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association betweeno
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ligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? es es es




I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism es es



II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall es es es es es



III. Interference with fetal breathing es es es



IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid es es es es es



a. I and III only es es es



b. II and III only es es es



c. I, II, and IV only es es es es



d. II, III, and IV only es es es es




ANS: D es



Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, es es es es es es es es es es es es es



with or without renal anomTaE
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, iB
sAasNsoKcS
es iaE
teLdLwEitR
hlu
. CnO
gMhypoplasia. The mechanisms by wh es es es es es es es es es eses



ich amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for
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reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interfere
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nce with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimen
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tal observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being amajor gro
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wth stimulant. es




REF: pp. 6-7 es es




5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
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a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
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b. To reduce surface tension es es es



c. To maintain lung elasticity es es es



d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
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ANS: B es



The primary role of mammalian surfactant is to lower the surface tension within the alveolus,
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specifically at the air– es es es



liquid interface. This allows the delicate structure of the alveolus to expand when filled with a
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ir. Without surfactant, the alveolus remains collapsed because of thehigh surface tension of th
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e moist alveolar surface. Surfactant is composed predominantly of an intricate blend of phosp
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holipids, neutral lipids, and proteins. es es es es




REF: p. 8 es es

, 6. Which of the following tests of the amniotic fluid have been shown to be sensitive indicators
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of lung maturity?
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a. Levels of prednisone es es



b. Levels of epidermal growth factor es es es es



c. Levels of prostaglandins es es



d. Levels of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine es es es es




ANS: D es



Of clinical relevance during late gestation, analysis of amniotic fluid for the concentration of
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phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine has been shown to be a sensitive indicator of es es es es es es es es es es es es



the state of fetal lung maturity.
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REF: p. 8 es es




7. Approximately how much fetal lung fluid is secreted daily?
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a. About 150 to 200 ml
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b. About 250 to 300 ml
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c. About 350 to 400 ml
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d. About 450 to 500 ml
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ANS: B es




Fetal lungs are secretory organs that make breathing-
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like movements but serve no respiratory function before birth. They secrete
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about 250 to 300 ml of liquid per day.
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8. The lung bud emerges from which of the following structures?
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a. The pharynx
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b. The foregut
es es


c. The mesenchyme
es es


d. The tubular epithelium
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ANS: A es




The embryonal phase includes primitive lung development and is generally regarded to encompass the first 2 mo
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nths of gestation. es es es


The lung begins to emerge as a bud from the pharynx 26 days after conception.
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