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Summary

Summary Pharmacology Basics

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This document has the basic pharamcology information

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  • November 7, 2024
  • 17
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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PNA 905
#1 rule of pharmacology

Start low go slow

Drug sources

Natural sources

- Plants
- Animal products
- Inorganic compounds

Drug evaluation process

Preclinical trails

- Chemicals tested on lab animals

Phase l studies

- Chemicals tested on human volunteers

Phase ll studies

- Drug tried on informal patients with disease

Phase lll studies

- Drug used in vast clinical market

Phase lV studies

- Continual evaluation of drug

Drug acts

Food and drug act (FDA)

- All drugs sold in Canada must be approved under this act. FDA is to protect the public health hazards and fraud from
the sale of food, beverages, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics

Controlled drug and substance act

- Defined drug abuse and the drugs according to potential abuse. The drugs are classified into schedules

Pharmacodynamics

The branch of pharmacology concerned with the effects of drugs and the mechanisms of their drug

- How the drug affects the body

Pharmacokinetics

The branch of pharmacology concerned with the movement of drugs within the body

- How the body effects the drug
- Example: the first pass effect, the liver metabolizes the drug reducing the dose working in the body

Nurses’ role in pharmacology

Nurses are responsible for:

- Administering the drug
- Assessing the drug affect

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PNA 905
- Intervening to make the drug regimen more tolerable
- Providing patient teaching about drugs
- Monitoring overall patient care

Routes of medication

Oral route (PO)

- Tablets, capsules, liquids, solutions, suspensions, syrups, exiler

Sublingual route (SL)

- Dissolved under the tongue
- Tablets, sprays, films

Buccal route

- Dissolved in the check pocket between gum and teeth
- Tablets, films, disk

Opthamic Route (ocular route)

- Administered via the eye
- Liquid eye drops, gels, ointments, disks

Otic route

- Administered via the ear canal
- Liquid ear drops

Nasal route

- Administered via the nose
- Nasal drops, sprays, ointments

Inhalation route

- Inhaled via the mouth into the lungs
- Inhaler, aerosol, powder

Nebulization route

- Inhaled via a device such as a face mask or tube placed in mouth

Cutaneous route

- Drugs applied to the skin
- Ointment, cream, lotion, power, gel

Transdermal patch

- Administered via a patch

Rectal route

- Administered via the rectum
- Suppositories, enema, fleet, creams

Vaginal route

- Suppositories, creams, gels, tablets, rings

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PNA 905
Parenteral route

- Administer via injection
- Subcutaneous (SC)
- Intramuscular (IM)
- Intravenous (IV)
- Intradermal (ID)
- Intrathecal- aound the spinal cord

Excretion of a drug

Drugs are excreted from in the body in the following forms

- fecal matter
- urinary elimination
- sweat
- saliva
- breast milk

The rights of medication administration

Right…

M – medication

R – route

T – time/ frequency

D – dose

R – reason

C – client

R – refuse

E – education

E – evaluation

D – documentation

Factors infulencing medication dose

- route
- time
- age
- nutritional status
- aborsption and excretion
- health status of patient
- gender
- ethinicy and culture
- genetics

complimentary and alternative therapy

complimentary- therapies used with conventional medicine

alternative- therapies used instead of conventional medicine

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