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Final Exam Powerpoints Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update

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Frederick Griffith, 1928 didnt discover DNA. He injected mice with R and S (S=virulent). Then. He injected mice with living type R and heat-killed type S bacteria into the mouse. The living type R cells have been transformed inti virulent type S cells! A transforming substance for the S ...

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Final Exam Powerpoints Questions and
Correct Answers the Latest Update
Frederick Griffith, 1928

✓ didnt discover DNA.

✓ He injected mice with R and S (S=virulent).

✓ Then. He injected mice with living type R and heat-killed type S bacteria into the mouse.
The living type R cells have been transformed inti virulent type S cells!

✓ A transforming substance for the S trait was passed feom S to R cells.

Avery, MacLeod and McCarty, 1944

✓ They showed that the transforming substance was DNA.

✓ -They purified any cells transddormed from R--->S and found that the transforming
substance was DNA.

Viruses inject something into cells to program them to make more viruses

✓

Hershey and Chase discovered that viruses inject DNA, 1952

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✓ -The T2 bacteriophage attacks the bacteria Eschericia ecoli.

✓ -They grew virusus with 34S---> viruses w/radioactive proteins.

✓ -Then, they grew virusues with

✓ 32P---> viruses with radioactive DNA

✓ -Then, they infected new E.coli with these labeled virusues. They injected something into
the cells.

✓ THEY SAW VIRUS DNA WAS INJECTED INTO CELLS.

Linus Pauling

✓ Discovered alpha helix structure of DNA.

James Watson and Francis Cricj 1953

✓ Proposed the correct structure of DNA

✓ ---------

✓ Xray Crystallography data from Rosiland Franklin and Maurice Wilkins.

✓ ---------

✓ W&C discovered that nucleotide bases could pair with each other, held by H bonds

✓ The ratio of A=T and G=C and the width of DNA 2nm explained

Phosphate group off of the 5 prime C of one nucleotide to the 3 prime C of an adjacent

nucleotide. This 5' --->3' linkage is known as the

✓ Phosphodiester bond.

Produces a backbone of phosphates and sugars

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✓ DNA is double stranded. The bases in ssDNA specifies the sequence of complementary
bases in the 2nd strand.

✓ BASE PAIRS ARE SECURED WITH H BONDS.

✓ purines complementary to pyrimidines and that the two strands are antiparallel- one
strand is upside down to the other.

DNA replication overview

✓ DNA replication is semiconservative.

✓ DNA is made in a 5 prime to 3 prime direction, antiparallel to its template strand. A
leading strand is made continuously, a lagging strand is made discontinuously.

PROKARYOTIC DNA replication!!!!

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