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Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Exam 1 Questions And Answers
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Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Exam 1 Questions And Answers Plato created essentialism Essentialism -things have a set of unchanging characteristics that make them what they are -variation among things is just unimportant deviation from the "essence" Beliefs prior to the 1830s 1. ...

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  • November 12, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • introduction to biological anthropology exam 1

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Introduction to Biological Anthropology:
Exam 1 Questions And Answers

Plato created essentialism




Essentialism -things have a set of unchanging


characteristics that make them what they are

-variation among things is just unimportant deviation from the

"essence"




Beliefs prior to the 1830s 1. Species are composed of similar individuals sharing the same

essence.

2. Species are separated from one another by well-defined discontinuities.

3. Species are constant through time (i.e., fixed, immutable).

4. There are stringent limitations to the possible variation of any one species.




Teleology argument from design




Archbishop James Ussher -1650

, Introduction to Biological Anthropology:
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
-used annals fo the Old Testament to deduce the first origin of the world

-thought the Earth was created in 4004 BC

-ptolomeic cosmology

-earth is the center of everything




Copernicus -1514


-he believed the Sun centered the solar system

-no one believed him though




Galileo -early 1600s


-repeated Copernican ideas; confrontation with the church led to house arrest




John Ray -1627-1705


-concept of genus and species

-recognized reproductive continuity and isolation as basic characters of a species




Carolus Linnaeus -1707-1778

, Introduction to Biological Anthropology:
Exam 1 Questions And Answers
-father of Taxonomy and Systematics

-published the Systema Naturae in 1735

-formalized bionomial system (genus and species)




Linnean hierarchy -Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species


-classified Homo sapiens as an animal

-believed in fixity of species




Compte de Buffon (Georges Louis LeClerc) -1707-1788


-believed animals change in response to their environment

-no purpose, no direction, no change in nature

-rejected idea of transmutation of species




Erasmus Darwin -1731-1802


-Darwin's grandfather

-expressed ideas of evolution and transmutation of species long before Darwin

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