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Anatomy Ch 11-15 CNS, PNS, ANS, Endocrine System Questions With Complete Solutions
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Anatomy Ch 11-15 CNS, PNS, ANS, Endocrine SystemQuestions With Complete Solutions
After the fight or flight situation what does the parasympathetic
division do? Correct Answer restores heart rate and airway
diameter to resting levels and then attends to the processes to
refuel your body cells and discard wastes
Assume an EPSP is being generated on the dendritic membrane.
What will most likely occur? Correct Answer a single type of
channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of Na+ and K+
Can a single EPSP induce an AP in the postsynaptic neuron?
Correct Answer no, thousands of excitatory axon terminals are
firing on the same postsynaptic membrane the probability of of
reaching threshold depolarization increases greatly
Chemical synapses are characterized by the following except:
a. the release of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic membranes.
b. ions flowing through protein channels from the presynaptic to
the postsynaptic neuron
c.postsynaptic membranes bearing receptors that bind
neurotransmitter
d. a fluid filling gap separating the neurons Correct Answer b
Difference between electrical and chemical synapses? Correct
Answer electrical-transmission of nerve impulses along an axon
and across an electrical synapse is purely an electrical event
whereas chemical synapses convert the electrical signals to
chemical signals (neurotransmitters) that travel across the
,synapse to the postsynaptic cell where they are converted back
into electrical signals
function of CSF? Correct Answer gives buoyancy to the brain,
protects the brain and spinal cord from impact damage and is a
delivery medium for nutrients and chemical signals
function of EPSPs Correct Answer help trigger an AP distally
at the axon hillock of postsynaptic neuron. moves membrane
potential toward threshold for generation of AP
Function of meninges? Correct Answer protect CNS, protect
blood vessels, enclose venous sinuses, contains cerebrospinal
fluid and partition the brain
functions of parathyroid hormone Correct Answer stimulates
osteoclasts to digest bone matrix
enhances re-absorption of Ca2+ and secretion of phosphate by
kidneys
promotes activation of vitamin D (by the kidneys) and increases
absorption of Ca2+ by intestinal mucosa
Homeostatic imbalances of PTH Correct Answer
hyperparathyroidism due to tumor
bones soften and deform
elevated Ca2+ levels depresses the nervous system and
contributes to formation of kidney stones
hypoparathyroidism following gland trauma or removal can
result in tetany, respiratory paralysis and death
,hormones are synthesized and released in response to? Correct
Answer humoral stimuli
neural stimuli
hormonal stimuli
How are blood levels of hormones controlled? Correct Answer
by negative feedback systems
How are hormones removed from the blood Correct Answer
kidneys
degrading enzymes
liver
half-life (time required for a hormones blood level to decrease
by half)
How are receptors classified according to the type of stimulus?
Correct Answer mechanorecptors, thermorecptors,
photoreceptors, chemorectors and nocirecptors
How are receptors classified according to their location or
according to the location of what? Correct Answer location of
the stimulus and include exteroceptors, interoceptors and
proprioceptors
How are the cerebral hemispheres characterized? Correct
Answer by ridges and grooves called gyri and sulci
How are the effects of the growth hormone mediated Correct
Answer indirectly by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
, How are the responses in the endocrine system different than the
nervous system (time wise) Correct Answer the binding of
hormones to cellular receptors tend to be more prolonged than
those induced by the nervous system
how can a chemical be tasted Correct Answer must be
dissolved in saliva, move into the taste pore and contact a
gustatory hair
How do hormones activate intracellular receptors direct gene
activation? Correct Answer steroid hormones and thyroid
hormones:
1. diffuse into their target cells and bind with intracellular
receptors
2. receptor-hormone complex enters the nucleus
3. receptor-hormone complex binds to a specific region of DNA
4. this prompts DNA transcription to produce mRNA
5. the mRNA directs protein synthesis
How do hormones circulate in the blood Correct Answer free
or bound
How do hormones influence the number of their receptors?
Correct Answer up-regulation and down-regulation
How do hormones travel throughout the body Correct Answer
through the blood or the lymph
How do IPSPs summate? Correct Answer both temporally and
spatially
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