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BTEC APPLIED SCIENCE UNIT 1 BIOLOGY - NEURONES, MUSCLES, SYNAPSES
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BTEC APPLIED SCIENCE UNIT 1 BIOLOGY - NEURONES, MUSCLES, SYNAPSES
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BTEC APPLIED SCIENCE UNIT 1BIOLOGY - NEURONES, MUSCLES,
SYNAPSES
Name6the6three6types6of6muscle6tissue6-6--Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
What6type6of6control6is6exhibited6in6skeletal6muscle?6-6--Voluntary6control
What6type6of6control6is6exhibited6in6cardiac6muscle?6-6--Involuntary6control
What6type6of6control6is6exhibited6in6smooth6muscle?6-6--Involuntary6control
Where6can6skeletal6muscle6be6found?6-6--Attached6to6bones
Where6can6cardiac6muscle6be6found?6-6--In6the6heart
Where6can6smooth6muscle6be6found?6-6--
In6the6walls6of6hollow6organs6such6as6the6stomach6and6bladder
Put6the6following6in6order6of6size6from6largest6to6smallest:6fibre,6muscle,6filaments,6myofi
bril,6bundle6of6fibres6-6--Muscle,6bundle6of6fibres,6fibre,6myofibril,6filaments
Muscle6fibres6are6many6cells6joined6together.6What6organelles6do6these6cells6share?6-6--
Nuclei6and6cytoplasm,6inside6which6are6many6mitochondria6and6specialised6ER
Why6do6muscle6cells6contain6many6mitochondria?6-6--
To6provide6large6amounts6of6energy6to6the6muscle6for6contractions
Give6the6term6used6to6describe6the6stripy6bands6seen6within6skeletal6muscle6under6a6mic
roscope6-6--Striations
Myofibril6is6made6up6of6dark6and6light6bands.6What6are6the6names6given6to6these6dark6an
d6light6bands?6-6--Dark6band6=6A-band
Light6band6=6I-band
Which6line6is6present6in6the6middle6of6the6A-band?6-6--M6line
Which6line6is6present6in6the6middle6of6the6I-band?6-6--Z6line
, What6is6the6name6given6to6the6space6between6two6Z-lines?6-6--Sarcomere
Myofibril6is6made6up6of6alternating6thick6and6thin6filaments.6What6are6the6names6of6these
6filaments?6-6--Thick6=6myosin6filament
Thin6=6actin6filament
What6happens6to6the6sarcomere6during6muscle6contraction?6-6--It6shortens
What6are6the6two6types6of6skeletal6muscle?6-6--Fast6twitch6and6slow6twitch
Which6sports6are6slow6twitch6muscle6fibres6best6for?6-6--
Long6distance6running6and6cycling
Fast6twitch6muscles6can6be6further6divided6into6two6sub-categories,6what6are6they?6-6--
Fast6twitch6oxidative6muscles6and6fast6twitch6glycolytic6muscles
Which6sports6are6fast6twitch6oxidative6muscle6fibres6best6for?6-6--Mid-
range6sports6such6as1500m
Which6sports6are6fast6twitch6glycolytic6muscle6fibres6best6for?6-6--
Sprinting,6short6burst6sports
What6type6of6exercise6are6slow6twitch6muscles6designed6for?6-6--Aerobic6exercise
What6type6of6exercise6are6fast6twitch6muscles6designed6for?6-6--Anaerobic6exercise
In6which6type6of6muscle6fibre6is6the6speed6of6contraction6slowest?6-6--Slow6twitch
In6which6type6of6muscle6fibre6is6the6speed6of6contraction6highest?6-6--
Fast6glycolytic6twitch
Describe6the6characteristics6of6slow6twitch6muscle6fibres6-6--
Less6sarcoplasmic6reticulum6(specialised6ER)
More6mitochondria
More6myoglobin
A6dense6capillary6network
Describe6the6characteristics6of6fast6oxidative6muscle6fibres6-6--
Similar6to6slow6twitch6with6many6mitochondria,6myoglobin6and6capillaries
Hydrolyse6ATP6faster6to6contract6more6quickly
Describe6the6characteristics6of6fast6glycolytic6twitch6muscle6fibres6-6--
Few6mitochondria6and6capillaries
Less6myoglobin
Large6concentration6of6glycogen6for6anaerobic6respiration
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