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DPT 540 TEST 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
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DPT 540 TEST 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Gaze stability, postural stability, perception of motion What are the jobs of the vestibular system Peripheral vestibular structures Otolith organs, semicircular canals, vestibular nerve Horizontally, vertically The ...

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  • November 16, 2024
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DPT 540 TEST 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++

Gaze stability, postural stability, perception of motion

What are the jobs of the vestibular system

Peripheral vestibular structures

Otolith organs, semicircular canals, vestibular nerve

Horizontally, vertically

The maculae of the utricle are oriented in what what? What about the maculae of the

saccule

Otolith organs (saccule and utricle)

Detect linear accleration and head position relative to the pull of gravity. Also detect tilt

and forward/backward motion.



Also has a push-pull arrangement within each otolith organ: with motion to one side,

there is increased afferent discharge from one part of the maculae, while reducing the

afferent discharge from another poriton of the same macula

Semicircular canals

Detect angular acceleration. Horizontal, anterior, and posterior. Arranged at 90 degree

angles to each other. Horizontal canal tipped back 30 degrees from horizontal. The 6 of

these become coplanar pairs and theses planes of the canals are oriented in the same

,planes as the pulling direction of the extraocular muscles which allows connections

between sensory neurons and motor output neurons

Pons

Most vestibular information is first processed where before being largely relayed to the

oculomotor control system, cerebellum, and SC

Maculae

Detect static head position relative to gravity as well as changes in position. Thickened

portion of the utricle and saccule that contain hair cells. Covered by otolithic membrane:

a fibrous and gelatinous structure similar to the capula. Surface fo the membrane

covered with small calcium carbonate crystals: otoconia.

Movement of endolymph relative to the cristae

What allows the detection of angular accleration/deceleration in all three planes?

Bony labyrinth

Consists of SCC, the cochlea, and the vestibule. Filled with perilymphatic fluid

Membranous labryinth

Contain the membranous portions of the SCC, and the otolith organs. One end of each

SCC is widened to form the ampulla. Filled with endolymphatic fluid. Surrounded by

perilymph fluid in the bony labyrinth

The plane of that particular canal

Stimulation of one canal will produce eye movement in what

Sensory redundancy

If damage to one member of the pair, the CNS can still get info from the vestibular

system about head velocity within that plane from the contralateral member

, anatomy of semicircular canals

Membranous, fluid (endolymph) filled tubes. At one end of each canal the tube enlarges

to form the ampulla. Epithelium within the ampulla thickens to form the ampullae crest.

Hair cells are embedded within the ampullae crest.

Hair cells

Projects up in the ampulla and has 40-70 fibers. The kinocillium is the longest and

thickest of the fibers. Fibers are arranged from shortest ot longest. Movement of fibers

toward the kinocillium is excitatory (depolarizing), away from the kinocillium is inhibitory

(hyperpolarizing)

Cupula

Located in ampulla of SCC. Gelatinous cap covering the hair cells. Same density of the

endolymph so it floats in the canal. Accleration of the head leads to cupular

displacement proportional to head velocity.

8th CN

Enters posterior cranial fossa via internal auditory canal. Two main branches- superior

division: innervates anterior and horizontal canal cristae, utricle, macula, and anterior

part of saccule. Inferior division: innervates posterior canal cristae and main part of

sacule. Has a spontaneous firing rate up to 100 spikes/second.

Anterior vest artery

Supplies the vestibular nerve, most of the utricle, and the ampullae of the lateral and

anterior semicircular canals.

Common cochlear artery

Main branch supplies the cochlea

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