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A-Level Philosophy – Ethics Latest Exam Questions With Solved Solutions.
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An ethical theory which argues that the correct way of action is that derived from working out what brings happiness to the greatest number - Answer What is utilitarianism The belief that pleasure is the chief good - Answer What is hedonism Concerned with the amount - Answer quantita...

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  • November 21, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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A-Level Philosophy – Ethics Latest
Exam Questions With Solved Solutions.
An ethical theory which argues that the correct way of action is that derived from working out what
brings happiness to the greatest number - Answer What is utilitarianism



The belief that pleasure is the chief good - Answer What is hedonism



Concerned with the amount - Answer quantitative



concerned with the quality - Answer qualitative



hedonistic and teleological - Answer What are the main two qualities of Bentham's Act Utilitarianism



Bentham - Answer 'two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure' which 'govern us in all we do'



Actions which bring about pleasure or the lack of pain - Answer According to act utilitarianism, which
actions are good ones



The principle of utility - Answer 'that principle which approves or disapproves of every action
whatsoever'



an action is good if it produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number - Answer Greatest
Happiness Principle



he was a psychological hedonist - Answer Why did Bentham believe that you should seek pleasure over
pain



the results justify the means - Answer What does it mean that act utilitarianism is instrumental

,principle of utility - Answer According to Bentham, what is the only thing which offers an
understanding of rights based on concrete observable verification



hedonic calculus - Answer How did Bentham work out whether the calculus was morally good



felicific/utility - Answer other names for the hedonic calculus



duration/intensity/propinquity/extent/certainty/purity/fecundity - Answer What are the 7 hedons



how long will the pleasure last - Answer Duration hedon



how intense will the pleasure be - Answer Intensity hedon



How near is the pleasure to you - Answer Propinquity hedon



How universal will the pleasure be? - Answer Extent hedon



how certain is it that pleasure will be the result of the action - Answer Certainty hedon



Is there likely to be pain mixed with pleasure? - Answer Purity hedon



Will it lead to furthur pleasure? - Answer Fecundity hedon



Bentham, hedonic calculus - Answer 'the balance, if it be on the side of pleasure, will give the good
tendency of the act upon the whole'



Bentham, pleasures are the ends we seek - Answer 'pleasures then... are the ends that the legislator
has in view'

, Bentham, how the hedonic calculus was democratic - Answer 'everybody is to count for one, and
nobody for more than one'



Bentham, how the hedonic calculus was egalitarian - Answer 'no one person's pleasure is greater than
another's'



appeals to human nature, allows for benevolence and sympathy/fair, objective and democratic - Answer
Strengths of act utilitarianism



commits the naturalistic fallacy - Answer What is the major problem with act utilitarianism



You have to use the calculus with each moral action which is largely time consuming, and it is also
unclear how you measure pleasure, as you don't know the responses of individuals involved - Answer
Why is the calculus a problem with act utilitarianism



The minorities lose out in any situation, and any action is justifiable when using the calculus - Answer
What is the problem of liberty and the rights of the individual when using the hedonic calculus



Any action should add to the general happiness, and so if you are going to buy someone a gift it would
be morally better to give that money to charity instead as it would create more happiness for more
people - the happiness of specific individuals don't matter - Answer What is the problem of particular
relationships with act utilitiarianism



it is irrelevant what our intentions are as to whether an action is good or bad which completely goes
against our human nature - Answer What is the problem of act utilitarianism not recognising moral
values



John Stuart Mill - Answer Who theorised Rule Utilitarianism



Value theory - Answer What is rule utilitarianism based on



the only thing which is good is happiness - Answer What is value theory

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