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TEST BANK For Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh, All Chapters 1 - 42, Complete Newest Version CA$22.27
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TEST BANK For Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh, All Chapters 1 - 42, Complete Newest Version
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TEST BANK For Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition by Brian K. Walsh, All Chapters 1 - 42, Complete Newest Version

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  • December 1, 2024
  • 383
  • 2024/2025
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  • TEST BANK FOR Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care. by Brian K. Walsh 6th Edition All Chapters| 100% Verified Answers| 2024/2025|978-0323793094
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, Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development Test Bank $i $i $i $i $i $i




MULTIPLE CHOICE $i




1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i



formation of a capillary network around airway passages?
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i




a. Pseudoglandular

b. Saccular

c. Alveolar

d. Canalicular



ANS: D $i




The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 weeks t
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o 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular channels,
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or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air passages.
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i



During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of gestation, t
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he airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, ending wit
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h the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes place from weeks 29
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to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later become alveoli.
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During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
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exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar stag
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e is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is repr
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i



esented by the establishment of alveoli.
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REF: pp. 3-5 $i $i




2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that
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will be present in the lungs for life develop?
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i




a. 6 months $i

,b. 1 year $i




c. 1.5 years $i




d. 2 years $i




ANS: C $i




Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life. At 2
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i


years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years of age,
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males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli continue
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to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i




REF: p. 6 $i $i




3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to
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tracheal stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i




a. Embryonal

b. Saccular

c. Canalicular

d. Alveolar



ANS: A $i




The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in develop
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ment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosis. Pulmonar
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y hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an abnormally low number
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and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop during the pseudoglandula
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r phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematurely), severe respiratory distre
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i



ss can be expected because the inadequately developed airways, along with insufficient and immat
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ure surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constellation of problems know
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n as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
$i $i $i $i $i

, REF: p. 6 $ i $i




4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association
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between oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
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I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism $i $i




II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall $i $i $i $i $i




III. Interference with fetal breathing $i $i $i




IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid $i $i $i $i $i




a. I and III only
$i $i $i




b. II and III only
$i $i $i




c. I, II, and IV only
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d. II, III, and IV only
$i $i $i $i




ANS: D $i




Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, wi
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i



th or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by which am
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i



niotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduced qu
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i


antity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference with fetal bre
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i



athing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental observations possi
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i



bly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimulant.
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REF: pp. 6-7 $i $i




5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
$i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i $i

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