Class notes

Class notes psyc 2006 (PSYC2006)

7 views 0 purchase

Course
Psyc 2006 (PSYC2006)

Institution
Nipissing University ( )

BEST CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT NOTES. This is an all you need document for the class notes from psych2006 at nipissing university with Lalonde. It covers all lectures and video lectures, 66 pages long separated in the different lectures. lots of pictures and explain all the information really well.

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 65 pages

View example

Uploaded on December 9, 2024
Number of pages 65
Written in 2024/2025
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Christine lalonde
Contains All classes

CA$20.49

Add to cart

Add to wishlist

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

intro

,Lecture 1
Human Development: multidisciplinary scientific study of how people change and how they stay the
same; 6 main parts, Socio emotional, intellectual, moral, psychological, physical, spiritual

The goals of developmental psych
1. Understanding
2. Explanation - how we learn and process information
3. Application - how we apply the information

Exemple: neurodivergent, 1. Understanding

Recurring issues
Nature vs nurture
Nature Nurture
Innate Environmental
Biological Experiential (experience and observation)
Genetic
Continuity and discontinuity
Discontinuous Development: qualitative change
Halted--shifts

Universal vs context specific development
Universal development: same for everyone
Context specific development: different depending on classes or countries

Organismic vs mechanistic factors
Organismic Mechanistic
- The child is active - The child is passive
- The environment is passive - The environment is active
- nature - Nurture

Basic forces in human development:
The biological forces
- everything genetic and health related factors affecting development
- Provide the necessary raw material (DNA)
- Set the boundary conditions for development

Psychological forces
- All internal perceptual cognitive, emotional and personality factors affecting development

Sociocultural forces
- All interpersonal, societal, cultural, and ethnic factors influencing development
- Clark doll test:
- 53% bad doll
- 33% most resembled white doll

Life-cycle forces
- The differences in how the same event can affect people of different ages -> experiencing
something together
- 9/11
- Covid 19 pandemic
- The timing of an event influences its significance
- Memory

, - Affect your life? (had a job during covid, went to online school)
- Coping strategies

Timing - Need to consider 3 elements of timing
- Critical periods -> when a child is born they need to hear language and develop parts of the
brain in a happy and healthy environment
- Optimal Period -> best time to learn a new language is when our brain is still developing very
young child
- Readiness -> need to go to kindergarten because their brains are ready for the challenges

Developmental Theories
Why Study Theories of Development?
- Theory: organized set of ideas that explains development
- Some explain specific aspects of development
- Advantages of Theories:
- Create detachment -> step away from what happening and understand
behind it
- Allow evaluation of one’s own views
- Give shape to data
- Theories also:
- Reflect different theorists (Different historical periods)
- Affect questions asked

Five theoretical perspective relevant to Childhood Development
1. Learning Perspective
2. Cognitive-Developmental Theories
3. The Psychoanalytic Tradition
4. Ethology
5. Ecological Systems Theory

Learning Perspective (Influenced by John Locke)
- Human are born a blank slate (tabula rasa: nothing innate, no innate driven
throughout everything learned through experiences → you respond thought
environment)
Major idea:
- People respond to their environments
- Environment causes development
Exemples:
Classical conditioning -> pavlov (money see, monkey doo)
Behavioral analysis -> B.F Skinner (reward + punishment, reinforcement)
Social learning theory -> albert bandura (learning through observation)
Cognitive - development perspective
Cognitive theorists see human beings as:
- Rational (learn to think critically)
- Active
- Alert
- Competent (thought process)
Don’t simply receive information -> We process it
Don’t simply respond to stimuli -> Also give it structure

Theories:
Piaget’s theory (1 of 3)
- How much children know not so important

, - The more important information:
- The way children know
- Piaget studied children’s errors
When encounter new information
- 2 processes possible
- Assimilation: adopting the dominant culture, losing the original culture
- Accommodation: adjusting to new culture while keeping the original one

Stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years) -> All information comes from senses
Preoperational (2 to 7 years) -> Forming concepts using symbols and language
- However, quality of thought still limited
- Magical notions of cause and effect
Concrete operational (7 to 11 years) -> Think logically, several dimensions, Must have concrete objects or
events (here & now)
Formal Operational (12 +) -> Reason logically, Use both concrete and abstract thinking, all possibilities

Information processing (2 of 3)
Primary idea: Human functioning similar to Computer functioning
- Cognition is computer-like system with 3 parts
- Input from senses (comes in from outside)
- Internal processes (internal computer)
- Output
Information processing theorists believe that development is continuous
- Developing child has a better memory, more effective strategies…
- Same child just better and more mature

Social cognition (3 of 3)
Most important elements of development include:
- Knowledge of the social world
- Interpersonal relationships (core groups)
Primary Theorist: Lev Vygotsky’ sociocultural model
- Culture is important to cognitive development (not only on perspective but on thought
processes and how you utilize information)
- Learning should be matched with development level (school level should be at the optimal
timing of learning, doing work for right level of challenges)

Psychodynamic theory (freud)
Behavior is governed by motives and drives
- Internal
- Often unconscious
Psychoanalytic levels of consciousness

Psychosocial Theory (Erik Erikson)
- Heavily influenced by Anna Freud
Throughout development, conflicts occur
- Affected by social context
- Stages of development are influenced by a number of crises

Stage 1 (birth to 1 year) = trust vs mistrust
Stage 2 (1-3 years) = autonomy vs doubt
Stage 3 (3-6 years) = initiative vs guilt
Stage 4 (6 to 13 years) = industry vs inferiority

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sofiathebergee. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$20.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

48756 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling