Summary

Summary - Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes

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Course
Chemistry

Institution
12th Grade

The summary offers a concise and organized explanation of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, detailing their definitions, properties, and nomenclature rules. It describes the process of identifying the parent chain, naming substituents, and numbering carbon atoms to indicate the position of bonds and b...

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Uploaded on December 30, 2024
Number of pages 4
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organic
organic chemistry
alkanes
alkenes
alkynes
nomenclature
compounds
naming
summaries
organic chemistry notes
examples
chemistry
chemistry notes
alkanes alkenes and alkynes
notes

Institution Secondary school
Education 12th Grade
Course Chemistry
School year 1

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Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes
Alkanes:

- Single bond organic compound with a formula (CnH2n+2)

- These are the most basic organic structures and isomers used in plastic manufacturing and

car fuel.

- These compounds can be in one long chain or can have branching features called

substituents that increase the complexity.

- Alkyls are a type of substituent in Alkanes with a yl suffix. Formula - (CnH2n+1)

Nomenclature:

1. Find the longest chain of the compound called the parent chain. The number of carbons

in the longest chain will be the prefix of the parent chain's name. These prefixes are listed

as such according to the carbon numbers.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Meth Eth prop but pent hex hept oct non dec

2. The suffix of the parent chain's name depends on the amount of and type of bonds in the

structure. For alkanes the suffix is -ane.

3. Count each of the consecutive carbons in the continuous parent chain with a number so

that the carbon attached substituent group or branching chain can have the smallest

number possible. The name of the substituent will be the location of the carbon that it is

attached to and prefix of the number of carbon in the branching chain plus -yl as the

suffix. The final name of the compound will be the substituents name + the parent chain’s

name.

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