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Intro to Social Psychology (PSYB10) Midterm Practice Questions

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Course
PSYB10

Institution
University Of Toronto (U Of T )

A list of questions on material covered in lectures between weeks 4-6. Allows students to better understand and test their knowledge on the course materials prior to the second midterm

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Uploaded on January 7, 2025
Number of pages 4
Written in 2024/2025
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Conceptual Questions‬
‭

‭. Define conformity, compliance, and obedience. How are these three forms of‬
1
social influence distinct from one another?‬
‭

‭●‬ A
‭nswer:‬‭
Conformity is the change in behavior or attitudes to align with a‬
group or individual without a direct request. Compliance involves responding‬
‭
favorably to an explicit request, often in situations without direct power‬
‭
differences. Obedience is a change in behavior as a result of a direct‬
‭
command from an authority figure, indicating a power dynamic.‬
‭

‭. Explain the foot-in-the-door technique and why it works according to the‬
2
principle of cognitive dissonance.‬
‭

‭●‬ A
‭nswer:‬‭
The foot-in-the-door technique involves starting with a small‬
request that the person is likely to agree to, followed by a larger request.‬
‭
It works because people seek consistency in their actions and self-image;‬
‭
agreeing to a small request makes them more likely to comply with the‬
‭
subsequent larger request to maintain cognitive consistency.‬
‭

‭. Describe the reciprocity technique and provide an example of its use in a‬
3
business context.‬
‭

‭●‬ A
‭nswer:‬‭
The reciprocity technique involves giving something to someone‬
before asking for a favor, creating a sense of obligation. For instance,‬
‭
waiters giving mints to customers before presenting the bill often see‬
‭
increased tips, as customers feel obliged to reciprocate the kindness.‬
‭

‭. What is the endowment effect, and how does it impact people's willingness to‬
4
trade items of equal value?‬
‭

‭●‬ A
‭nswer:‬‭
The endowment effect is a bias where people ascribe more value to‬
items simply because they own them. This effect makes individuals less‬
‭
likely to trade their possessions, even for items of equal value, as they‬
‭
psychologically value what they own more highly.‬
‭

5. What is group polarization, and what factors contribute to it?‬
‭

‭●‬ A
‭nswer:‬‭
Group polarization is the tendency for a group's discussion to‬
amplify individuals' pre-existing beliefs. It is influenced by group‬
‭
composition (homogeneity, likeability, physical closeness), the presence of‬
‭
an outgroup, and the extremity of initial positions. These factors drive‬
‭
individuals toward more extreme positions post-discussion.‬
‭

‭. Define the minimal group paradigm and explain how it demonstrates in-group‬
6
favoritism.‬
‭

‭●‬ A
‭nswer:‬‭
The minimal group paradigm illustrates how people tend to favor‬
their in-group over out-groups based on trivial criteria. Even when groups‬
‭
are arbitrarily assigned, people show positive biases toward their own‬
‭
group, including more favorable resource allocations and attitudes.‬
‭

7. Describe deindividuation and provide an example of its effect on behavior.‬
‭

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