Class notes

Class notes MAT151

3 views 0 purchase

Course
MAT151

Institution
Concordia University College Of Alberta ( )

Comprehensive class notes in the Introduction to Statistics course, covering key mathematical concepts and principles. It includes detailed explanations and visual aids such as graphs and charts. These notes serve as a valuable resource for understanding the fundamental tools and methods used in st...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 107 pages

View example

Uploaded on January 16, 2025
Number of pages 107
Written in 2024/2025
Type Class notes
Professor(s) .
Contains All classes

CA$20.49

Add to cart

Add to wishlist

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

Math
Descriptive or univariate
What is statistics?

The practise of collecting and analyzing data

What is data?

The factual information collected from a survey or other...

Define numerical data

Data are numbers

Population: entire group of objects or individual considered for a survey

Sample: part of a group being surveyed

Numerical description of a population → parameter

Branches of statistics

Descriptive: involves the organization, summarization, and display of data

Inferential: involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population

Statistics are numbers used to: describe and draw conclusions about data

Data: collection of observations (measurements…)

,Statistics: science of planning studies and experiments, obtaining data,
and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and
drawing conclusions based on the data

Population: the complete collection of all individuals to be studied; the
collection is complete in the sense that it includes all of the individual to be
studied

Census: collection of data from every member of a population

Sample: sub-collection of members selected from a population

Sampling method:

Does the method chosen greatly influence the validity of the conclusion?

Voluntary response (or self-selected) samples often have bias (those with
special interest are more likely to participate). These samples' results are no
necessarily valid.

Other methods are more likely to produce good results

Conclusions:

Make statements that are clear to those without an understanding to
statistics and its terminology

Avoid making statements not justified by the statistical analysis

, Or generalizations

Practical implications:

State practical implications of the results

There may exist some statistical significance yet there may be no practical
significance.

Common sense might suggest that the finding does not make enough of a
diﬀerence to justify its use or to be practical.

The subject of statistics is largely about using sample data to make
inferences about on entire population.

Parameter: a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of
a population

Statistic: a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a
sample

2 types of data: quantitative and qualitative data

Quantitative data: consists of numbers representing counts or
measurements.

Qualitative data: consists of names or labels (representing categories)

Quantitative data can further be described by distinguishing between
discrete and continuous types

, Discrete data: result when the number of possible values is either a
finite number or a “countable”number

Continuous data: result from infinitely many possible values that
correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values
without gaps, interruptions, etc..

Data

Quantitative Qualitative
Numerical Descriptive

Discrete Continuous
Usually counted Usually measured

Levels of measurement:

Nominal: classification

Characterized by data that consists of names, labels, or categories only,
and data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme

Ordinal: classification and order

Implies statement of greater than and less than

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller malikaseifeldine. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$20.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

58716 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling