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Summary Tudors Depth Study Edexcel History - challenging the succession

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  • Unit 31 - Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors, 1485-1603
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  • Access to History: Rebellion and Disorder under the Tudors, 1485-1603 for Edexcel

These condensed revision notes cover the years 1485 to 1499 of the depth study of the tudors. It includes all the key details making them perfect to revise from and review your knowledge so far.

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  • Challenging the succession
  • June 30, 2020
  • 4
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

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  • history
  • tudors
  • challenging the succession

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  • PEARSON (PEARSON)
  • History 2015
  • Unit 31 - Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors, 1485-1603
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Challenging the Succession 1485-1499

Henry Tudor: hold on the throne
Claim to the throne
- rivals had a better connection to throne – i.e. Edward IV’s children – Edward and Richard (Princes in the tower)
- claim through mother: Margaret Beaufort – descendant of Edward III by marriage of John of Gaunt to Katherine
Swynford – their son John born before marriage and women which weakens the claim
- royal blood from father: Edmund Tudor – Edmund’s French mother Catherine had been married to Henry V before she
became the wife of Edmunds welsh father Owen Edmund (half brother of Henry VI) – Henry VII was half-nephew of king
- claim rested on his victory in battle – killed Richard III - sign that God approved Henry’s assumption of power
Keeping the throne
- Earl of Warwick still alive – nephew of Richard III, sent him to the tower
- married Elizabeth of York on 18th January 1486 – helped settle the debate between the York and Lancaster houses
- 1485 made houses of lords and commons swear on an oath they wouldn’t retain men illegally
- John de la Pole (Earl of Northumberland), Thomas Howard (Earl of Surrey) and Henry Percy (Earl of Northumberland) –
all pardoned as prepared to work with the new regime and loyalty only requirement to gain royal favour

Henry Tudor: securing the throne
Impact of Battle of Bosworth – 22nd August 1485 (part of the War of the Roses – battles from 1455 to 1487)
- Henry Tudor invaded from France and landed at Milford Haven – he killed King Richard III (York)
- Lord Stanley (Henry’s step father) was a powerful noble who had divided loyalty between Richard and Henry – in the end
supported Henry and shows to Henry that nobility cannot be trusted
- less than 25% nobility fought for Richard
Measures to secure his throne
- arranged for his coronation before the first meeting of parliament and before his marriage to Elizabeth – could never be
said that parliament made him king
- dated his reign from the day before Bosworth – Richard and etc could be declared of committing treason
- birth of son Arthur Sep 1486 – helped establish the Tudor era with the joining of York and Lancaster houses
- passed Act of Resumption 1486 – take all crown lands which had been granted since 1455 – more power to Henry
- 1485 made houses of lords and commons swear on an oath that they wouldn’t retain men illegally – banned nobles from
having private armies
Roles of the Yorkist and Lancastrian factions
- created a myth – he and family true leaders with the marriage with Elizabeth of York (daughter of King Edward IV) which
united houses
- although many Yorkist still alive after marriage dissuaded many Yorkists from challenging Henry
- surviving Yorkist nobility: killed – John de la Pole (Earl of Lincoln) invited to join King’s council, remained loyal until 1487,
fled the court and killed at Battle of Stoke
Lovell and Stafford early rebellion
- Church offered protection from law up to 40 days – by 15 th century sanctuaries were becoming source of dispute
- Henry travelled north in April 1486 – rebels broke sanctuary
- Lovel headed north and planned to ambush King while Staffords travelled to Worchester to stir up rebellion
- Henry sent an armed force to offer the rebels the choice of pardon and reconciliation or if fought or lost = death
- rebels left – Lovel fled to Flanders and Staffords arrested and sent to Tower of London
- policy of ‘’calculated mercy’’ – severely towards ringleaders – successful

Challenges to Henry VII’s crown: Lambert Simnel 1486-87
Diplomatic problems

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