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Summary Tudors Depth Study Edexcel History - Revolt of the Northern Earls

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  • Unit 31 - Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors, 1485-1603
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These condensed revision notes provide all the key points you need to know about the revolt of the northern earls during the Tudors. They follow all the key points required by the specification and are useful to look at the night before an exam.

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  • Revolt of the northern earls
  • June 30, 2020
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  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

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  • history
  • tudors
  • revolt of the northern earls

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  • PEARSON (PEARSON)
  • History 2015
  • Unit 31 - Rebellion and disorder under the Tudors, 1485-1603
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Queen takes Queen? The revolt of the northern earls: 1569-1570

Causes of the revolt
Cecil
- Cecil: moderate Protestant who was Elizabeth’s chief minister – implements policy decisions and his influence over the
Queen was resented. Becomes Secretary of State in 1558 and title of Lord Burghley in 1571
- his rival was Queen’s favourite Robert Dudley – self-interest and short term aims pushed rival factions altogether
- Elizabeth felt a successor would undermine her position and a husband would undermine her power as Queen - could use
her marriage as a bargaining chip in negotiations
The Northern Earls
- Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, northern nobility, Earl of N + W – motivated to end threat of war with Spain
- Westmorland: close family to Norfolk, more willing, leadership among local communities
- Northumberland: in contact with Spanish ambassador, didn’t join until 9 th Nov and only because of Catholicism

Threats to Elizabeth
Elizabeth’s options
- Elizabeth had 2 options 1) release her to Scotland or France (not realistic due to Scotland or a French led military expedition)
2) arrest her (could be watched but could be plots to free her by Catholics) – 2 nd option was chosen
- Sir William Cecil and Sir Francis Walsingham preferred 3 rd option of executing MQS
Norfolk marriage plan
- Plan: Duke of Norfolk (Thomas Howard) marry MQS, remove Cecil and pro-Catholic sympathies and traditional relationship
with Spain and Philip II – would ensure Elizabeth recognised MQS as heir and with power would challenge E’s right as a queen
- Robert Dudley supported – thought Mary could be restored to the Scottish throne with Norfolk at her side and that Mary
would contest Protestantism to keep Scottish
- failed as rumours reached Elizabeth Sep 1569 – Norfolk left court on 26 th Sep and put into tower and W + N feared they
might be arrested so rose in rebellion
- reminder that there were distant regions that had not embraced her rule or changes in Church Settlement
- role of Norfolk = Protestant with Catholic sympathies, motivation from decrease role of traditional nobility and stays loyal

Reasons why the Northern Earls rebelled
Religious concerns
- Concern over Protestantism: 1560: 75% of leading families in Yorkshire were Catholic and Northern Earls were Catholic
- Elizabeth passed 1559 Religious Settlement and the 1563 Thirty-nine articles – restored royal control over the church
- Protestant James Pilkington appointed – eradicate traditional practices in diocese of Durham – unpopular locally
Government intervention in the north
- appointment of Protestant outsider to key posts in the north – Elizabeth’s cousin Protestant Lord Hunsdon = Warden of the
East March in 1568 but had no connection with region
Economic concerns of the northern earls
- lack of opportunities in govt – lost incomes which the posts gave
- Northumberland tried to claim compensation for the rights to a copper mine on his estate and crown refused to pay
- Westmorland forced to borrow £80 from Sir George Bowes in 1568

Mary Queens of Scots
Mary Stuart’s claim to the throne
- Mary’s grandmother was the daughter of Henry VII, son of James V of Scotland and cousin of Elizabeth
- Catholic with strong ties to France – Guise family and grew up in France and rules in Scotland after husband dies in 1560
- married 3 times (French heir) and had a son
Mary’s arrival in England in May 1568

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