100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Introduction to Psychology: Lecture Notes CA$5.31   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
  4.  
  5. Inleiding in de Psychologie (P_BINLPSY)

Class notes

Introduction to Psychology: Lecture Notes
 59 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Inleiding in de Psychologie (P_BINLPSY)
  • Institution
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
  • Book
  • Psychological Science

Lecture notes from the course Introduction to Psychology for 1st year Psychology Bachelor Students studying at the VU University Amsterdam. Three weeks are missing. 11/14 Lectures are included. I missed three of them. Language: English

Preview 3 out of 21  pages

Document information

  • June 30, 2020
  • 21
  • 2019/2020
  • Class notes
  • Unknown
  • All classes

Subjects

  • inleiding psychologie
  • english
  • engels
  • psychology
  • psychologie
  • bachelor
  • vu university
  • year 1
  • period 1
  • collegedictaat
  • samenvatti
  • introduction to psychology
  • vrije universiteit amsterdam
  • lecture notes
  • notes

Connected book

book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:

More summaries for

  • Summary Introduction to psychology / Samenvatting Overzicht van de psychologie RUG
  • Samenvatting boek Psychological Science (ISBN 9780393640403) hoofdstukken: 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14-1, 14-2
  • Test Bank for Psychological Science, 6th Edition, Michael Gazzaniga.pdf
All for this textbook (47)

Written for

  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
  • Psychologie
  • Inleiding in de Psychologie (P_BINLPSY)
All documents for this subject (45)

Seller

avatar-seller
nmcsd

Reviews received

Content preview

Introduction to Psychology
Lecture 2
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Period 1, Week 1

Communication among neurons
 Either fire or do not fire
 All-or-none law
 Intensity variations by
1. No of neurons firing
2. Variations in firing rate
 Neurons interact
 Via synapses
 Through chemical substances

 Synapse
 The place where a signal passes from one nerve cell to another

 Neurotransmitters
 Chemical substances that transmit signals from one neuron to another
 Lock-and-key model
 Effect is terminated by
1. Autoreceptors
2. Synaptic reuptake
3. Enzymes

 The binding of a neurotransmitter with a receptor produces an excitatory or
inhibitory signal




 Drugs
 Agonists
 Increase of precursor
 Counteracting the cleanup enzymes
 Blocking the reuptake
o SSRIs
 Mimicking the transmitter’s action
o Because it fits into the receptor

1

,  Antagonists – antipsychotics
 Decrease precursor (or neurotransmitter)
 Increase effectiveness cleanup enzymes
 Enhance the reuptake
 Blocking of receptors

Studying the brain
 19th century > Phrenology
 Bumps on the skull were interpreted in terms of personality traits
 Methods for studying the brain
 Clinical observation of patients with brain damage
 Experimental techniques
 Invasive: animal studies
 TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)
 EEG
 ERP
 fMRI
 MRI
 PET



Introduction to Psychology
Lecture 3
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Period 1, Week 2

Consciousness: one’s subjective experience of the world, resulting from brain
activity
 Brain and mind are inseparable
 Everyone experiences consciousness personally
 Arises as a function of which brain circuits are active
 Global Workspace Model
 Sometimes unconscious processes lead people to do things that their
conscious minds struggle to explain
 After-the-face explanations

Variations in consciousness
 Attention: refers to the process that enables you to focus selectively on some
things and avoid focusing on others
 There is a limit to the number of things you can be conscious of at the
same time
 Unattended behavior may still affect behavior > subliminal perception
 Yet, without much awareness > change blindness
 Cocktail party phenomenon
 Sometimes the unattended information breaks through
 Sleep
 Why do we sleep? > theories about sleep
 Restorative theory
 Circadian rhythm theory

2

,  Facilitation of learning theory > strengthening of neural
connections and memory consolidation
 Dreams: products of an altered state of consciousness in which images
and fantasies are confused with reality
 Non-REM dreams: dull
 REM dreams: bizarre and intense
 Drugs
 Addiction: drug use that remains compulsive despite its negative
consequences
 Physical and psychological dependence
 Tolerance: increasing amounts of a drug needed to achieve the
intended effect
 Withdrawal: physiological and psychological state characterized
by feelings of anxiety, tension and cravings for the addictive
substance

Four major categories of drugs
 Stimulants: drugs that increase behavioral and mental activity and activate
the sympathetic nervous system (e.g. amphetamines, methamphetamines,
cocaine, nicotine, caffeine)
 Depressants: reduce behavioral and mental activity by depressing the central
nervous system (e.g. alcohol, benzo’s, barbiturates)
 Opiates (narcotics): depress or slow down the central nervous system, relieve
pain and suffering (e.g. heroin, morphine, codeine)
 Hallucinogens (psychedelics): produce alterations in cognition, mood and
perception (e.g. LSD, Mescaline – from Peyote cactus, psilocybin mushrooms)
 Many do not fit into these four categories (XTC, MDMA, marijuana)



Introduction to Psychology
Lecture 4
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Period 1, Week 2

Sensation: the detection of external stimuli and the transmission of this information
to the brain
Perception: the processing, organization, and interpretation of sensory signals

Distal stimulus > proximal stimulus > transduction > sensation > perception

The senses
 Vision
 Hearing
 Taste
 Smell
 Skin senses
 Vestibular sense – sense of balance
 Kinesthesis – sense of muscles/tendants/joints



3

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller nmcsd. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$5.31. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

64438 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$5.31
  • (0)
  Add to cart