Class notes

Lecture Notes for HIS2160

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Course
HIS2160 (HIS2160)

Institution
University Of Ottawa (U Of O )

Ace HIS2160 with Comprehensive Lecture Notes! Struggling to keep up with HIS2160 – History of the Middle East from World War I? Get ahead with my meticulously organized lecture notes designed specifically for uOttawa students! Clear & Concise: Breaks down complex events and developments int...

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Uploaded on March 25, 2025
Number of pages 52
Written in 2024/2025
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Ryme seferdjeli
Contains All classes

middle east
history
lecture
professor
algeria
palestine
israel
egypt
ottoman empire
notes

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Said

prof in comparitive literature

published orientalism

prolific writer

major figure in middle eastern studies

most quoted scholar in middle eastern studies

educated in Jerusalem

spent most of his adult life in the states

died in 03

palestine and israel studies

interview following 9/11 he said the states had a view of arabs as a threatening other

what is orientalism

new way to conceptualize a history of relationships between the west and east

shook the profession of middle eastern studies as a field

until his publication orientalism had a neutral meaning

mainly oriental scholarship

oriental character, style, quality

redefined the term giving it a negative connotation

critique of western scholarship on the middle east

domination - military, cultural, and scholarly

issue with how western scholars define and study the middle east

links it to politics and the colonial period

criticizes the way iddle easterns have been depicted in all forms of knowledge

early scholarship by western scholars in that region were biased

,false and stereotyped vision of otherness on the islamic world that supported the colonial project

we are going to liberate etc

expressed as an entire system of thought or scholarship

important constructions

the orient

orient as a construction of european self definition as in not like us

dont know much about the orient but we know its different

seperate from europe

irrational

backwards

almost a european invention

second important construction

the oriental

man is depicted as dangerous, feminine and weak, poses a threat to western women, woman
wants to be dominated

biological inferior

unchanging

created a single subject matter

how the west knows the orient is wrapped up in their domination of the area

restructuring

relation of power

all forms of knowledge are productive of power

refused to accept the innocence in the representation of the orient

system of representations driven by political forces

bringing the orient into western learning

,british and french empires

when napoleon went to the middle east he didnt just go with conquest in mind

was also academic and cultural

who are the orientalists

colonial conquest requires knowledge of the people

to conquer the orient the west came to know itnineteenth century is when islamic and oriental
studies became independant

current western depiction of arab cultures orientalism can still be found

delacroix

famous orientalist painter

painted one of the first

right after the french conquest of algeria

eye witness acount based on his trip to north africa

visit into a muslim harem in alger

represented a personal account

accepted as a true document of the visit to a muslim harem

harems represented the moral corruption of the east

nothing really erotic or exotic about a harem

just means womens quarters

we dont know if delacroix actually got into a harem

no concrete proof of this

they found sketches

some of the sketches were not made during the trip

what guided the painting

the composition and the props was his learning before he got there

, essential to the history of oriental portrayal

provoked alot of writing about the depravity of the east

link to contemporary perceptions

potential critiques

generalization

may to lead to focus on study of representations only

rather than linking with power and domination

bernard lewis

seen as an orientalist

said that he wasnt able to see that europeans were just there for knowledge and middle
easterns werent interested in knowing about europeans

1798

1979

2001

goes back to the 13th century expands in the 14th and 15th centuries constantinople is
conquered in 15th century syria was occupied by the ottomans dominated the arab world heart
of the empire was the european provinces start of the 19th century fluid dates arab population
was about 12 of 23 million included territories in eastern and central europe not closed at all lots
of exhanges internally and externally central governement in istanbul and the rest are provinces
with unequal importance to the center collect taxes from the provinces some of them had more
taxes than others creating a hierarchy of importance the way they ruled was indirect

main ottoman institutions sultan and his entourage head of the empire appointed the most
important people supreme military chief signed the treaties protect the holy lands

three important institutions military power of the empire rested on the military janissaries elite
military recruited as young boys and converted to islam eventually started adding in foreign
troops there to protect as well as to collect taxes ottomans had a system where the first son did
not inherit all the sons fought for power when he died all had a different mother sultan would
marry and have lots of concubines as soon as each one had one son, she could not see the
sultan would be sent to a province with her son then hed move on never two sons of the same
woman so one woman wouldnt have too much power

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