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Rock Cycle Notes
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This document is about the rock cycle. It goes through metamorphic rock, sedimentary, and igneous. It also goes in depth about the process that help form these rocks.

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  • March 26, 2025
  • 5
  • 2024/2025
  • Class notes
  • K
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  • Secondary school
  • 9th Grade
  • World geography
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CGC - ROCK CYCLE WORKSHEET
​
Tasks: ​
​
A) Read the text below on the Rock Cycle.

B) Take notes on the three types of rock and answer the questions below.


1.​ Type of rock

Igneous Rock
-​ Examples of Igenous rocks include granite, basalt, pumice, and obsidian,
etc.
​
Formation Process:

Underneath the earth’s crust, there is magma, which is the molten rock. It is
always moving and it's very hot. The crust is floating on the sea of this liquid
magma as it’s cool. Sometimes, the crust rubs over each other. However, if the
crust cracks, then the magma rushes out onto the surface of the earth. This
magma becomes lava. This process is called as volcano. The rocks formed
during this process is called as igneous rocks. There are two types of igneous
rocks. If the magma cools slowly below the earth’s surface, then it forms a
new type of rock, called as intrusive igneous rock. Another type of is if the
magma explodes out of the volcano and then cools on the surface of the earth.
This process forms an extrusive igneous rock and its on the surface of the
earth.




2.​ Type of rock

Sedimentary Rock
-​ Examples of sedimentary rocks include limestone, sandstone, shale, coal,
etc.

, ​
Formation Process:

Sedimentary rocks form through the process of weathering, erosion, and
compacting. Earth’s crust is mostly made up of igneous rock. Rain and the
wind rub against the rocks. When the rocks are being constantly rubbed for
quite a long time, the friction, breaks down the rock down into smaller and
smaller pieces called particles. Then, these sediments are transported to
different places through the wind, water, ice, etc. The sediments get
accumulated on each other, forming layers. It usually accumulates at the
bottom of the water bodies. As they sit on top of each other, it puts pressure
on the layers of sediments below it. The layer of mud is called sediments.
These get tightly packed together for many years. Eventually, they get
squeezed and form a new rock. Hence, the new type of rocks that are formed
from sediments through this process is known as sedimentary rocks.


3.​ Type of rock

Metamorphic Rock
-​ Examples of metamorphic rocks include marble, gneiss, slate, marble,
quartzite, schist, etc.
​
Formation Process:

Some igneous rocks or sedimentary rocks end up under the earth’s crust.
Because of the pressure above it, the rocks keep going deeper and deeper
under the earth’s crust. Moreover, the deeper the rocks go, the more heated
they get. This is because the rock’s surrounding gets hotter the closer to the
magma. So, the rock gets heated up too. Additionally, the deeper they go, the
pressure above them increases because there is more material above them,
putting weight on the rock. As the heat and the pressure of the rock reaches a
certain point, it will start to change the structure of the rock. This creates a
new rock out of the igneous or the sedimentary rock. Hence, this new rock that
has formed is underneath earth’s crust and is called as metamorphic rock.


Define these terms:
1.​ “Weathering”

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