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Summary Geology of Natural Disasters (ENVS 2250) - Exam Review CA$5.05   Add to cart
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  3. University Of Guelph (U Of G )
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  7. ENVS 2250 (ENVS2250)

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Summary Geology of Natural Disasters (ENVS 2250) - Exam Review
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Exam review of all of the concepts covered in ENVS 2250 - Geology of Natural Disasters, taught at the University of Guelph. All hand-written notes.

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  • August 20, 2020
  • 12
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

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Unit 1 - The Layers of the Earth
STRUCTUREOFEARTH
Lifeexistswithinthebiosphere
Earth'scoreismadeprimarilyofironandnickelandhasasolidinnercoresurroundedbyaliquid
outercore
Themantleis alayerofsilicaterockbetweenthecoreandcrust
DensityofEarth'smaterialsdecreasesasyoumoveoutwardsfromthecentre
THECORE
Theoutercoreconsistsofsiliconsulphuroxygenandpotassium
Heatisgeneratedintheoutercoreduetothedecayofradioactiveisotopes
Thesolidinnercorespinsabout10fasterthantherestofEarthwhichisthoughttocausethe
magneticfield
MAGNETICFIELD
Deflectsharmfulsolarradiation
Solarwindisamixtureof X raysradioemissionsionizedgaseshydrogenatoms protonsand
electrons
Magneticfieldisthoughttobeproduced byconvectionandrotationinthespinningliquidoutercore
EverysooftentheNorthandSouthmagneticpolesreverse
MANTLE
Makesupmorethan80 ofEarth'svolume
Densityofthemantlecanbedeterminedbyseismicwaves
Basalticmagma'scompositiongivesinsightonthecompositionofthemantle
Slowconvectivemovementsoccurwithinthemantle drivingplatetectonics
Rocksinthemantlehaveaplasticbehaviour
CRUST
Oceaniccrustisthinnerandrelativelyyoung
Oceaniccrustisdenserthancontinentalcrust
causingtheoceaniccrusttoalmostalwayssubduct
beneaththecontinentalcrust
Oceaniccrusthasabasalticcomposition
Continentalcrustis thickerandmucholder
Continentsaremainlycomposed ofgranite
CentralcontinentalcrustiscomposedofancientArcheanrocks
Centralpartsofcontinentshavefewearthquakesandvolcaniceruptions
THEHYDROSPHERE
IncludesallwateronEarthinallofits3States
Water'sheatcapacityhelpsbufferEarth'ssurfacetemperature
Warmwaterrises coldwatersinks
Iceislessdensethanwatercausingittofloat
Water'sdensestat40C
coldarcticwaterflowssouthandwarmtropicalwaterflowsnorthduetoconvectioncurrents
Corioliseffectdeflectsequatorialstothe
rightintheNorthernHemisphereandtotheleftintheSouthern
Hemisphere
THEATMOSPHERE
Absorbssolarradiation recycleswaterandchemicals andworkswiththemagneticfieldtoprovide a
moderateclimateonEarth
Layersoftheatmosphereareclassifiedbythermalcharacteristicschemicalcompositionmovementand
density
Composedof79 nitrogen20.7 oxygen and0.04 carbon dioxide

, Layersfromtoptobottomare troposphere stratospheremesosphere andthermosphere
Troposphere
WhereEarth'sweatherisgenerated
Densestlayeroftheatmosphere
Warmairrisesandmixeswithcolderair creatingconvection
stratosphere
Dryandlessdensethanthetroposphere
Temperaturegraduallyincreaseswithaltitude
ly duetolittleverticalmixing
Convective stable
Mesosphere
Temperaturedropsasyouincrease inaltitude
Thermosphere
Highestandthickestatmosphericlayer
Temperatureincreaseswithaltitude
Containstheionospherewhereaurorasaregenerated
SPECIALFEATURES OFTHEATMOSPHERE
WhenUVradiationstrikesoxygenmolecules itcancausetheformationofozone Os
chtourofherocarbonsareorganicchemicalsmadeupofcarbon fluorinechlorine2ndhydrogen
Destroysatmosphericozone
TheozonelayerpreventsharmfulradiationfromreachingEarth'ssurface
Thegreenhouseeffecttakesplacein thestratosphere
Greenhousegasesabsorbthelongwaveradiationre radiatedofftheEarth'ssurfacepreventing
thisradiation
frombeingreleasedbackintospacetherebycausingglobalwarming
Aerosolsareformednaturallybywinderosionvolcaniceruptions orlargemeteoriteimpactsbutcanalsobe
createdbyhumansthroughindustrialactivitiesandtransportation
sunlightcausingacoolingeffectatEarth'ssurface
Aerosolsscatter

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