IB SL Marine Bio Review
Topic 1: Origin and Structure of Oceans-
1.1: Physical Structure of Oceans-
1. Conic: not geometrically accurate, but good for weather maps
2. Cylindrical: distorted at the poles, but accurate the equator
3. Planar/Azimuthal: Good for find directions from a central point
1. 2.
3.
1.2: Describing Ocean Basins-
1.3: Origins of Oceans-
,Topic 2: Dynamics of Earth’s Crust-
2.1: Plate Tectonics and Seismic Activity-
Theory of Plate Tectonics:
○ Outer crust of the Earth, known as the lithosphere, consists of a twelve of
plates
○ Plates float on the asthenosphere
○ Three types of plate boundaries:
○ Convergent →←
○ Divergent →←
○ Transform ↑↓
Evidence for Plate Tectonics:
○ Fit of coastlines of South America and Africa
○ Fossil distribution
○ Paleomagnetism (Magnetic stripes of ocean floor)
○ Glacial scarring
○ Coal in Antarctica
Continental Crust:
Rock beneath continents
22-44 miles thick
Made of granite
Density: 2.8 g/cm3
Very old: up to billion of years
Oceanic Crust:
Rock beneath ocean basins
3-4 iles thick
Made of basalt
Density: 3.0 g/cm3
Very young: less that 200 million years
2.2: Evidence of Tectonics-
○ Fit of coastlines of South America and Africa
○ Fossil distribution
○ Paleomagnetism (Magnetic stripes of ocean floor)
○ Glacial scarring
, ○ Coal in Antarctica
2.3: Tsunamis-
○ Caused my large underwater earthquakes at plate boundaries,
underwater landslides, volcanic eruptions, or fallen meteorites.
○ A long wavelength wave produced by the sudden movement of a
large volume of water.
○ Can occur at a convergent boundary.
○ In deep water the wave travels fast, but as it approaches the coast it
slows down but forms a huge, destructive wave.
Hurricanes, typhoons and tropical cyclones:
○ Intense tropical storms that originates over warm ocean water with at least
74 mph
○ Hazards
- Storm surges- the most destructive/dangerous, are large waves that
bring coastal destruction and flooding
- Flooding rains
- Strong winds
- Tornadoes
○ Conditions for making storms
- High seas surface
- Needs warm ocean water to fuel
- Coriolis effect
- Weak winds aloft
○ Categories
- Disturbances
- Depressions(below 34 mph)
- Storm(between 34 and 74 mph)
- Hurricane (at least 74 mph) above water above 79o
Topic 3: Patterns of Water Movement-
3.1: Interactions between Atmosphere and Ocean-
Topic 1: Origin and Structure of Oceans-
1.1: Physical Structure of Oceans-
1. Conic: not geometrically accurate, but good for weather maps
2. Cylindrical: distorted at the poles, but accurate the equator
3. Planar/Azimuthal: Good for find directions from a central point
1. 2.
3.
1.2: Describing Ocean Basins-
1.3: Origins of Oceans-
,Topic 2: Dynamics of Earth’s Crust-
2.1: Plate Tectonics and Seismic Activity-
Theory of Plate Tectonics:
○ Outer crust of the Earth, known as the lithosphere, consists of a twelve of
plates
○ Plates float on the asthenosphere
○ Three types of plate boundaries:
○ Convergent →←
○ Divergent →←
○ Transform ↑↓
Evidence for Plate Tectonics:
○ Fit of coastlines of South America and Africa
○ Fossil distribution
○ Paleomagnetism (Magnetic stripes of ocean floor)
○ Glacial scarring
○ Coal in Antarctica
Continental Crust:
Rock beneath continents
22-44 miles thick
Made of granite
Density: 2.8 g/cm3
Very old: up to billion of years
Oceanic Crust:
Rock beneath ocean basins
3-4 iles thick
Made of basalt
Density: 3.0 g/cm3
Very young: less that 200 million years
2.2: Evidence of Tectonics-
○ Fit of coastlines of South America and Africa
○ Fossil distribution
○ Paleomagnetism (Magnetic stripes of ocean floor)
○ Glacial scarring
, ○ Coal in Antarctica
2.3: Tsunamis-
○ Caused my large underwater earthquakes at plate boundaries,
underwater landslides, volcanic eruptions, or fallen meteorites.
○ A long wavelength wave produced by the sudden movement of a
large volume of water.
○ Can occur at a convergent boundary.
○ In deep water the wave travels fast, but as it approaches the coast it
slows down but forms a huge, destructive wave.
Hurricanes, typhoons and tropical cyclones:
○ Intense tropical storms that originates over warm ocean water with at least
74 mph
○ Hazards
- Storm surges- the most destructive/dangerous, are large waves that
bring coastal destruction and flooding
- Flooding rains
- Strong winds
- Tornadoes
○ Conditions for making storms
- High seas surface
- Needs warm ocean water to fuel
- Coriolis effect
- Weak winds aloft
○ Categories
- Disturbances
- Depressions(below 34 mph)
- Storm(between 34 and 74 mph)
- Hurricane (at least 74 mph) above water above 79o
Topic 3: Patterns of Water Movement-
3.1: Interactions between Atmosphere and Ocean-
