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Summary A-Level Psychology Approaches Mind Maps £3.99
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Summary A-Level Psychology Approaches Mind Maps

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I have created summary style mind maps that summarises all information needed for approaches including AO1 (key information/concepts/definitions) and AO3 (evaluations).

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  • March 27, 2021
  • 5
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

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The role of schemas: Main assumption
-cognitive processing can sometimes be affected by a person’s beliefs -the approach argues th
or expectations, this is referred to as a ‘schema’. processing should be studied
-schema’s are developed from experience from when you are a baby, including internal mental p
they have a simple motor schema for innate behaviours like sucking -the cognitive approach in
and grasping onto things, but as we get older our schema’s become things ‘neglected’ by behavi
more sophisticated. as memory, perception an
-they act as a mental shortcut to prevent us being overwhelmed by however these are ‘private’ s
environment stimuli be observed, so cognitive p
studied them indirectly b
Theoretical and computer models: the cognitive inferences.


approach.
-these models are used to help us
understand internal mental processing. Ao3 evaluati
-one important theoretical model is the -strength: the appro
information processing approach which objective scientific me
suggests information flows in a cognitive neuros
‘sequence of stages’ – (input, storage Cognitive neuroscience: techniques – real life
and retrieval). -the scientific study of the influence -weakness: lacks exte
-this is based on how a computer works of brain structure on mental e.g. uses inferences to
and they believe that computer have processes. mental processes, no
similar output to humans -machines such as fMRI and PET and lacks mundan
scans help to see mental
processes scientifically like
memory.

, Main assumptions: Classical conditioning: Pavlov's research
-behaviourists are only interested in -classical conditioning is learnt through association
behaviour that can be observed or and was first demonstrated by Pavlov (1927).
measured. -pavlov tested his theory by using dogs to see how
-early behaviourists such as Watson they could be conditioned to salivate to the sound
(1913) rejected introspection as it of a bell.
involved too many concepts that -pavlov’s dogs learned to associate the bell with
were vague and difficult to measure. food so the bell became a conditioned stimulus
-behaviourists believe that we are all resulting in a conditioned response (saliva).

the
born a blank slate and everything is
learnt through experiences.

behaviourist
Ao3 evaluation: approach.
-strength: has scientific Operant conditioning: Skinner’s research
creditability methodology used, -operant conditioning is shaped by its consequences:
observable behaviours in highly -positive reinforcement: receiving an award when a certain
controlled environments – lab behaviour is performed
experiments. -negative reinforcement: occurs when an animal or human
-limitation: reductionist, avoids something unpleasant, the outcome is positive.
explains all behaviour in terms -punishment: an unpleasant consequence of behaviour.
of conditioning. -positive and negative reinforcement increase the likelihood
that behaviour will be repeated, punishment decreases the
likelihood of behaviour being repeated.

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