100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Summary Immunology and Disease Flashcards - A-Level Biology £5.39
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. WJEC
  4.  
  5. Biology
  6.  
  7. Immunology and Disease

Summary

Summary Immunology and Disease Flashcards - A-Level Biology

 0 purchase

Here i have some super detailed flashcards on the module 'Immunology and Disease' which i used to achieve an A* in A-Level Biology. The exam board i used was Eduqas/WJEC, however OCR and Eduqas are very similar boards and the flashcards will still be applicable.

Preview 2 out of 9  pages

Document information

  • April 30, 2021
  • 9
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

Subjects

Written for

All documents for this subject (1)

Seller

avatar-seller
michaeljordan1

Reviews received

Content preview

Module: Immunology and Disease:


Q: Define pathogenic:
 An organism that causes damage to its host.

Q: Define carrier:
 A person who shows no symptoms when infected by a disease organism but can pass
the disease to another individual.

Q: Define disease reservoir:
 Where a pathogen is normally found; this may be in humans or another animal and
may be a source of infection.

Q: Define endemic:
 A disease, which is always present at low levels in an area.

Q: Define epidemic:
 The rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people within a short
period of time.

Q: Define pandemic:
 An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international
boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people.

Q: Define vaccine:
 Uses non-pathogenic forms, products or antigens of microorganism to stimulate an
immune response which confers protection against subsequent infection.

Q: Define antibiotic:
 Substances produced by microorganisms which affect the growth of other
microorganisms.

Q: Define vector:
 A living organism which transfers a disease from one individual to another.

Q: Define antibiotic resistance:
 Where a microorganism, which should be affected by an antibiotic, is no longer
susceptible to it.

Q: Define toxic:
 A chemical produced by microorganism which causes damage to its host.


Q: Define antigenic types:
 Organisms with the same or very similar antigens on the surface. Such types are sub
groups or strains of a microbial species which may be used to trace infections. They
are usually identified by using antibodies from serum.
Q: Describe cholera as a disease:

, Module: Immunology and Disease:


 Cholera is caused by a gram-negative bacterium known as Vibrio cholerae.
 Cholera is endemic in parts of the world.
 Its toxins affect the gut lining causing water diarrhoea leading to severe dehydration
and frequently death. Water and many ions are not absorbed.
 People become infected through contaminated food or water. They become carriers
and, acting as reservoirs of disease, can contaminate other water supplies and
spread the disease.
 Cholera can be prevented with good hygiene and sanitation. Better sewage
treatment, water purification, safe food handling and regular hand washing have all
reduced the incidence of cholera.
 Treatment includes replacing electrolytes (water and ions) either orally or
intravenously.
 The bacteria can be treated with antibiotics.
 A vaccine is available, but only provides temporary protection.

Q: Describe Tuberculosis as a disease:
 Caused by the bacillus bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Named for the
tubercles or nodules of dead of dead and damaged cells in the lungs of people who
are infected.
 Spreads rapidly by aerosol transmission, especially in crowded conditions such as in
densely populated cities.
 The bacteria mainly infect the lungs, so patients develop chest pain and they cough
up phlegm, which often contains blood. The bacteria may infect lymph nodes in the
neck, which swell. People lose their appetite and develop a fever.
 TB is treated with a long course of antibiotics, but the bacterium does show some
antibiotic resistance.
 To prevent TB, the BCG vaccine is given to babies. The vaccine is made from an
attenuated strain of a related bacterium.
Q: Describe Smallpox as a disease:
 Caused by a DNA-containing virus
 The virus is inhaled or transmitted in saliva or from other bodies if there is close
contact with an infected person.
 It enters small blood vessels in the skin, mouth and throat and is dispersed around
the body. It causes a rash and then fluid-filled blisters, which leave scars in survivors.
Some survivors also suffer blindness and limb deformities.
 A successful immunisation program was based on its low rate of antigenic variation/
mutation and the highly immunogenic of its component antigens. This meant that
the vaccine was highly effective.
 There was no animal reservoir and people were keen to be immunised because of
the devastating effects.




Q: Describe influenza as a disease:

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller michaeljordan1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £5.39. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

64670 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 15 years now

Start selling

Recently viewed by you

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

World Scholar's Cup Events Latest Version Graded A+

Package deal ·

(0)

Uitwerking alle colleges orale geneeskunde deeltoets 1

Summary ·

(19)

De Geo HAVO Aardrijkskunde Arm en Rijk Hoofdstuk 1

Summary ·

(0)

Basisboek integrale veiligheidskunde (eindcijfer: 8)

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

MIS 3320 BAYLOR Final review Actual Exam 2024/2025

Exam (elaborations) ·

(1)

NCC EFM Exam Practice Questions and Answers 2022 Update

Package deal ·

(0)

Periode 2 jaar 2 Communicatie (De Corporate Story)

Summary ·

(0)

A comprehensive Summary of all the Perfect Cycles

Summary ·

(0)

Kinesitherapeutisch handelen 1 PRAKTIJK - inspectie
£5.39
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added